Virtuelna realnost i procena neurokognitivnih funkcija
Sažetak
Ekspanzija tehnologije u poslednjih dvadeset godina dovela je do digitalizacije psiholoških mernih instrumenata i produkcije novih tehnika procene od kojih se virtuelna realnost (VR) posebno ističe na planu kliničke korisnosti. VR podrazumeva privremenu suspenziju kontakta sa realnošću i postavljanja osobe u simuliranu, eksperimentalno kontrolisanu situaciju koja podseća na realno okruženje. Uronjenost u digitalnu realnost može biti potpuna ili delimična, to je je dimenzija koja zavisi od tehnoloških karakteristika virtuelnog sistema i utiče na psihološke procese i doživljaj ispitanika prilikom procesa merenja. Umesto klasičnih papir-olovka testova virtuelno okruženje predstavlja sasvim novi medij i eksperimentalnu situaciju kakvu do sada nismo imali, što generiše obilje ideja u psihologiji. U istraživanjima se najčešće ispituje ekološka validnost ili konvergentna validnost između psiholoških testova i situacija kreiranih u VR, najviše na grupama osoba sa demencijom i shizofrenijom. Predmet merenja su obično egzekutivne funkcije, a posebno interesovanje izaziva mogućnost da merenje u VR omogući ranu detekciju kognitivnih smetnji kod zdravih osoba. U radu se diskutuje o prednostima VR u odnosu na klasične neuropsihološke testove, a i o slabostima, posebno o fenomenu „bolest virtuelne realnosti“, koja ograničava trajanje testiranja i umanjuje validnost merenja. Već je sasvim izvesno da će doći do uključivanja VR tehnike u psihološku bateriju testova kako bi se povećala senzitivnost i ekološka validnost neuropsihološke procene, ali i dobile preporuke kako se VR dalje može koristiti u rehabilitaciji i terapiji kognitivnih funkcija.
Ključne reči: virtuelna realnost, neurokognitivne funkcije, neuropsihološka procena
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