Efekti psihodelika na plastičnost mozga – pregled aktuelnih istraživanja i mogućnost terapijske primjene u psihijatriji
Sažetak
Psihodelici su psihoaktivne supstance koje uzrokuju promjene u percepciji, stanju svijesti, raspoloženju i brojnim kognitivnim procesima. Najpoznatiji su dietilamid lizerginske kiseline (LSD), N,N-dimetiltriptamin (DMT), psilocibin i meskalin. Glavni mehanizam djelovanja psihodelika je agonizam prema serotoninskim 5-HT2A receptorima. Sredinom 20. vijeka pobudio se interes za upotrebom psihodelika u psihijatriji, ali zbog političkog pritiska i potencijalne opasnosti nekontrolisane upotrebe, zabranjeni su sedamdesetih godina prošlog vijeka. U nedostatku inovacija u liječenju i novih psihofarmakoloških agenasa, poslednjih decenija ponovo su u fokusu istraživanja potencijala psihodelika u liječenju mentalnih oboljenja. U ovom radu će biti prikazana neurobiologija psihodelika u svjetlu aktuelnih istraživanja njihovih efekata na neuralne mreže i neuroplastičnost, a samim tim i mogućnostima terapijske primjene u psihijatriji. Takođe, biće predstavljene skorašnja istraživanja sa akcentom na ranomizovane duplo-slijepe placebo kontrolisane studije u kojima je ispitivana efikasnost primjene psihodelika u tretmanu depresije i poremećaja uzrokovanih upotrebom alkohola i drugih psihoaktivnih supstanci. Dosadašnja otkrića pokazuju da psihodelici mogu biti novi obećavajući pristup za liječenje mentalnih oboljenja, ali upotreba psihodelika u ove svrhe podstiče ne samo bioetička, već i nova legalna pitanja.
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