Inflamacija disajnih puteva kod pacijenata sa bronhiektazijama
Sažetak
Bronhiektazije predstavljaju hronično oboljenje pluća koje se karakteriše abnormalnim proširenjem lumena bronha koje je uzrokovano slabljenjem ili destrukcijom mišićnih i elastičnih komponenti bronhijalnog zida, smanjenim klirensom mukusa i čestim infekcijama respiratornog trakta. Zlatni standard za dijagnostikovanje bronhiektazija je visokorezolutivna kompjuterizovana tomografija (HRCT) grudnog koša. Inflamacija ima centralnu ulogu u nastanku strukturalnih promena u plućima kao i u oštećenju disajnih puteva i parenhima. Infekcija i kolonizacija disajnih puteva doprinose povećanju infalamcije i daljem oštećenju pluća. Nakon ulaska patogenih mikroorganizama u disajne puteve dolazi do aktivacije epitelnih ćelija, makrofaga i dendritičnih ćelija. Aktivirane infalamatorne ćelije luče hemijske medijatore koji pokreću imunski odgovor i tako omogućavaju fagocitozu uzročnika. Pravovremeno djagnostikovanje, adekvatno lečenje i prekidanje začaranog kruga između infekcije i inflamacije kod pacijenata sa bronhiektazijama, doprinosi prevenciji nastanka strukturnih promena disajnih puteva.
Reference
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