The Role of Financial Literacy and Digital Financial Literacy in Non-Cash Payment Usage: Evidence from MSMEs in Salatiga, Indonesia

  • Sotya Fevriera Satya Wacana Christian University
  • Birgitta Saraswati Satya Wacana Christian University
  • Angelita Pertiwi Satya Wacana Christian University
  • Trivena Yiswi Satya Wacana Christian University
  • Siswo Hartanto AMA Salatiga College of Educators
Keywords: MSME, merchant, digital payment, financial literacy, digital financial literacy

Abstract


The development of digital technology makes MSMEs/merchants adapt by applying it. The objective of this research is to study the effects of financial literacy, digital financial literacy, and characteristics of MSME owners/merchants or attributes of their business on the usage of non-cash payment methods by MSMEs/merchants in Salatiga City. Besides investigating the two concepts, this study also analyzes the influence of the characteristics of MSME owners/merchants and business characteristics. Data for this research is collected from a survey. The technique used to analyze is binomial regression which is combined with the backward elimination method. This research finds that the knowledge dimension of financial literacy, the attitude dimension of financial digital literacy, and the education level of MSME owners/merchants have a positive effect on the utilization of non-cash payment methods. 

References

AFPI. (2025, January 5). Sejarah Perkembangan Fintech di Indonesia [The History of Fintech Development in Indonesia]. Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI). https://afpi.or.id/articles/detail/sejarah-perkembangan-fintech-di-indonesia
AgeUK. (2023, December 19). Helping Older People Get Online. Age UK. https://www.ageuk.org.uk/our-impact/programmes/digital-skills/
Alawi, N. M., Asih, V. S., & Sobana, D. H. (2020). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Mahasiswa UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Terhadap Penggunaan Sistem Financial Technology. Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Syariah, 4(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.32627/maps.v4i1.190
Aldhi, I. F., Suhariadi, F., Supriharyanti, E., Rahmawati, E., & Hardaningtyas, D. (2024). Financial Technology in Recovery: Behavioral Usage of Payment Systems by Indonesian MSMEs in the Post-Pandemic Era. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 1329–1341. https://doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/160198
Aliansyah, H., & Hermawan, W. (2021). The Role of Tourism Sector on The Economic Growth of Regencies/Cities in West Java. Bina Ekonomi, 23(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.26593/be.v23i1.4654.39-55
Allen, J., Carbo-Valverde, S., Chakravorti, S., Rodriguez-Fernandez, F., & Ardic, O. P. (2022). Assessing Incentives to Increase Digital Payment Acceptance and Usage: A Machine Learning Approach. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0276203
Apriani, A., & Wuryandari, N. E. R. (2022). Determinants of Intention to Adopt E-Wallet: Considerations for MSMEs Going Digital. Journal of Management and Business Innovations , 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30829/jombi.v4i02.13448
Aprilia, A., & Vendy, V. (2024). Determinan Penggunaan Sistem Pembayaran QRIS pada UMKM di Kota Surabaya [Determinants of QRIS Payment System Usage on MSMEs in Surabaya City]. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 13(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.31000/jmb.v13i2.12181
Australian DSS. (2024, November 22). How Be Connected works. Department of Social Service of Australian Govenment. https://www.dss.gov.au/improving-digital-skills-older-australians
Ayudiana, S. (2024, October 14). Kemenkop UKM: 25,5 juta UMKM telah “go digital” [Ministry of Cooperative and SMEs: 25.5 million MSMEs have “go digital”]. Antaranews.Com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4397157/kemenkop-ukm-255-juta-umkm-telah-go-digital
Bakrie. (2025). 3 Keuntungan Pembayaran Digital, yang Mana Jadi Kesukaanmu? [3 Benefits of Digital Payment, Which One is Your Favor?]. Universitas Bakrie. https://bakrie.ac.id/articles/456-3-keuntungan-pembayaran-digital-yang-mana-jadi-kesukaanmu.html
Bank Indonesia. (2021). Sistem Pembayaran & Pengelolaan Uang Rupiah [System of Payment and Management of IDR Money]. Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/id/fungsi-utama/sistem-pembayaran/default.aspx
Bank Indonesia. (2025a, January 5). Elektronifikasi [Electronification]. Bank Indonesia. https://www.bi.go.id/id/fungsi-utama/sistem-pembayaran/ritel/elektronifikasi/default.aspx
Bank Indonesia. (2025b, January 5). Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang Uang Elektronik [Bank Indonesia Regulation on Electronic Money]. Bank Indonesia E-Licensing. https://www.bi.go.id/elicensing/helps/PBI_111209-Emoney.pdf
Bank Indonesia. (2025c, January 5). Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). Bank Indonesia. https://bicara131.bi.go.id/knowledgebase/article/KA-01061/en-us
Better Than Cash. (2025, January). Defining Digital Payments. Better Than Cash Alliance. https://www.betterthancash.org/define-digital-payments
BRIAPI. (2022a, March 10). Menilik Tren Pembayaran Digital di Indonesia dan Peran BRIAPI di Dalamnya [Looking at Digital Payment in Indonesia and BRIAPI’s Role in It]. Developers.Bri.Co.Id. https://developers.bri.co.id/id/news/menilik-tren-pembayaran-digital-di-indonesia-dan-peran-briapi-di-dalamnya
BRIAPI. (2022b, May 10). Digital Payment Trends in Indonesia, Embracing The New Form of Money with BRIAPI. Developers.Bri.Co.Id. https://developers.bri.co.id/en/news/digital-payment-trends-indonesia-embracing-new-form-money-briapi
Cahyani, A., Yeskainayah, A., Hamdah, L., & Suryaatmaja, K. (2023). The Use of Technology Acceptance Model to Evaluate MSME Perspectives on E-Payment System. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(8), 2194–2203. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v2i8.455
Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S., & Pak, T.-Y. (2023). Digital Financial Literacy and Financial Well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58(B). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438
CNBC Indonesia. (2018, August 20). e-Commerce Tumbuh Pesat, Fintech Baru Bermunculan [e-Commerce Grows Rapidly, New Fintech Emerges]. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20180820182432-37-29443/e-commerce-tumbuh-pesat-fintech-baru-bermunculan
Cring. (2024, March 15). 10 Sistem Pembayaran Digital dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia [10 Digital Payment Systems and Their Development in Indonesia]. Cring. https://www.cring.id/post/sistem-pembayaran-digital
Ekasari, N., Rosmeli, R., & Syafri, R. A. (2021). Digital Cashless Payment Readiness Model on MSMEs Using Technological-Organization-Environtment (TOE) Framework: Study on MSME Users Gopay and Ovocash). The 3rd Green Development International Conference (GDIC 2020), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210825.043
European Commission. (2023, May 11). Digital Finance Literacy. Reform-Support.Ec.Europa.Eu. https://reform-support.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/FlagshipTSI2024_DigitalFinancialLiteracy.pdf
Fadhilla, M. U., & Purwanto, E. N. (2022). The Effect of Digital Literacy and Perceptions of Personal Data Security on the Decision to Use E-Wallet as a Payment System in MSMEs in The Jakarta Area. Journal of Management and Energy Business, 2(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.54595/jmeb.v2i2.29
Febriani, N. K. D., Utami, N. W., & Putri, I. G. A. P. D. (2023). Analisis Behavioral Intention dan Use Behavior Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) Pada UMKM Dengan Metode UTAUT 2 di Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi Asia, 17(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.32815/jitika.v17i1.890
Foster, B., Sukono, & Johansyah, M. D. (2022). Analysis of the Effect of Financial Literacy, Practicality, and Consumer Lifestyle on the Use of Chip-Based Electronic Money Using SEM. Sustainability, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010032
Future Learn. (2025, January 5). Digital Financial Literacy. Futurelearn.Com. https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/cryptocurrency-beyond-bitcoin-teach-out/0/steps/226755
Gaprilia, G. (2021, July 15). Penggunaan Pembayaran Digital, E-Wallet Oleh UMKM Selama Masa Pandemi [Digital Payment Usage, E-Wallet by MSMEs During the Pandemic Period]. Datatempo.Co. https://www.datatempo.co/DataEkonomi/view/20210715040240/penggunaan-pembayaran-digital-e-wallet-oleh-umkm-selama-masa-pandemi
GoCardless. (2023, March). What are Digital Payments and how do they work? GoCardless.Com. https://gocardless.com/guides/posts/what-are-digital-payments/
Gufran, M. I., Natsir, M., & Tajuddin, T. (2023). Determinan Tingkat Penggunaan Quick Response Indonesian Standard di Kota Kendari. Value Added: Majalah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 19(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.26714/vameb.v19i2.13274
Gujarati, D. (2015). Econometrics by Example (2nd ed.). Palgrave.
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Gupta, U., Agarwal, B., & Nautiyalc, N. (2022). Financial Technology Adoption — A Case of Indian MSMEs. Finance Management, 26, 192–211. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-6-192-211
Hartono, T. (2024, March 17). 14 Jenis Pembayaran Digital dan Manfaatnya Buat Bisnis [14 Types of Digital Payment and Their Benefits for Business]. Winpay. https://www.winpay.id/14-jenis-pembayaran-digital-dan-manfaatnya-buat-bisnis/
Hermawan, A., Gunardi, A., & Sari, L. M. (2022). Intention to Use Digital Finance MSMEs: The Impact of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24843/JIAB.2022.v17.i01.p12
JMP. (2024, July 8). Stepwise Regression Models, Find a Model Using Variable Selection. JMP Statistical Discovery. https://www.jmp.com/support/help/en/18.1/index.shtml#page/jmp/stepwise-regression-models.shtml
Jun Ji-hye. (2024, January 31). Gov’t to Offer Kiosk Education for Older Adults in Rural Areas. The Korean Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2025/01/113_367853.html
KateP. (2019, October 31). An Overview of Stepwise Regression. Alteryx. https://community.alteryx.com/t5/Data-Science/An-Overview-of-Stepwise-Regression/ba-p/483431
Kaur, H., & Devi, P. (2022). Decoding the Factors Impacting the Dynamics of Digital Payment Service Adoption in MSMEs. Prestige International Journal of Management & IT- Sanchayan, 11(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.37922/pijim.2022.v11i02.001
Keller, G. (2023). Statistics for Management and Economics (12th ed.). Cengage.
Kemenpanrb. (2024, August 7). Kominfo Targetkan 30 Juta UMKM Adopsi Teknologi Digital pada 2024 [Kominfo Targets 30 Millions MSMEs to Adopt Digital Technology by 2024]. Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negada Dan Reformasi Birokrasi. https://www.menpan.go.id/site/berita-terkini/berita-daerah/kominfo-targetkan-30-juta-umkm-adopsi-teknologi-digital-pada-2024
Kusuma, I. N. P. (2020). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan terhadap Inklusi Keuangan melalui Financial Technology pada UMKM di Bandar Lampung [The Effect of Financial Literacy on Financial Inclusion through Financial Technology on MSMEs in Bandar Lampung]. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(5), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v4i5.9236
Lyons, A. C., & Kass-Hanna, J. (2021). A Methodological Overview to Defining and Measuring “Digital” Financial Literacy. Financial Planning Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/cfp2.1113
Najib, M., & Fahma, F. (2020). Investigating the Adoption of Digital Payment System through an Extended Technology Acceptance Model: an Insight from the Indonesian Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 10(4), 1702–1708. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.4.11616
OECD. (2024, December 23). International Network on Financial Education. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/networks/infe.html
OJK. (2024, January 17). Edukasi Keuangan(Financial Education]. OJK. https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/edukasi-dan-perlindungan-konsumen/Pages/literasi-keuangan.aspx
Palimbong, S. M., Pali, E., Biringkanae, A., & Tangdialla, R. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Penggunaan Digital Payment Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Uki Toraja [The Effect of Financial Literacy on Digital Payment Use on Students of Economics Faculty of UKI Toraja]. Jurnal Manuhara: Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis , 1(3). https://doi.org/10.61132/manuhara.v1i3.227
Palupi, A. A., Hartati, T., & Sofa, N. (2022). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Sistem QRIS terhadap Keputusan Bertransaksi Menggunakan QRIS pada UMKM. Seminar Nasional Riset Terapan Administrasi Bisnis & MICE X, 10(1), 67–75. https://prosiding-old.pnj.ac.id/index.php/snrtb/article/view/5607
Pratiwi, R. E., & Saefullah, K. (2022). The Use of Payment Technology Through Financial Literacy. Journal of Digital Innovation Studies, 1(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.24198/digits.v1i1.38516
Prete, A. Lo. (2022). Digital and Financial Literacy as Determinants of Digital Payments and Personal Finance. Economics Letters, 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110378
Purnamasari, P., Pramono, I. P., Haryatiningsih, R., Ismail, S. A., & Shafie, R. (2020). Technology Acceptance Model of Financial Technology in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 981–988. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.981
Putri, I. D., Hindrayani, A., & Totalia, S. A. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Penerapan Metode Pembayaran Digital Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Surakarta Dalam Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 [Factors Affecting the Application of Digital Payment Method on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Surakarta]. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 11(2), 202–211. https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v11n2.p202-211
Qothrunnada, K. (2022, May 23). Jejak e-Commerce di Indonesia Waktu ke Waktu, Berawal dari Kaskus [E-Commerce Footprint in Indonesia From Time to Time, Starting from Kaskus]. Detikfinance. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6091087/jejak-e-commerce-di-indonesia-waktu-ke-waktu-berawal-dari-kaskus
Rafiani, K. M., Yunanda, R. A., & Rusmanto, T. (2024). Determinatns of QRIS Usage as a Digital Payment Tool for MSMEs. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 102(3), 1158–1171. https://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol102No3/31Vol102No3.pdf
Ravikumar, T., Suresha, B., Prakash, N., Vazirani, K., & Krishna, T. A. (2022). Digital Financial Literacy among Adults in India: Measurement and Validation. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2132631
RFILC. (2021, May). Digital Financial Literacy. Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI). https://www.rfilc.org/library/digital-financial-literacy/
Seldal, M. M. N., & Nyhus, E. K. (2022). Financial Vulnerability, Financial Literacy, and the Use of Digital Payment Technologies. Journal of Consumer Policy, 45, 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-022-09512-9
Setyaningtyas, R. A., & Suranto. (2024). The Influence of Perceived Benefits, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Risk on MSME Decisions in Using QRIS as a Digital Payment System in Surakarta. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE, 7(2), 4611–4626. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v7i3.4914
Shehadeh, M., Dawood, H. M., & Hussainey, K. (2024). Digital Financial Literacy and Usage of Cashless Payments in Jordan: The Moderating Role of Gender. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-03-2024-0115
Singapore Government. (2020, September 9). Mission: Digital training for 100,000 seniors. Singapore Government. https://www.gov.sg/article/digital-training-for-seniors
Siswanti, T. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Digital dan Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Pemanfaatan Digital Payment dengan Budaya Sebagai Variabel Moderating [The Effect of Digital Financial Literacy and Socio-Economics on Digital Payment Utilization using Culture as a Moderating Variable]. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntansi Unsurya, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.35968/jbau.v8i1.1017
Smith, G. (2018). Step Away from Stepwise. Journal of Big Data, 5(32). https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40537-018-0143-6
Statistics Solutions. (2025, January 5). Stepwise Regression: What is it and should you use it? Statistics Solutions. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/stepwise-regression-what-is-it-and-should-you-use-it/
Studenmund, A. H., & Johnson, B. K. (2017). Using Econometrics, A Practical Guide (7th ed.). Pearson.
Suarni, A., Firna, F., & Nurlina, N. (2024). Financial Literacy on the Utilization on Digital Payment within the People of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The 4th International Conference on Business, Accounting, and Economics (ICBAE) 2024. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-8-2024.2351602
Tamplin, T. (2023, September 21). Why Financial Literacy Is Important And How You Can Improve Yours. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/truetamplin/2023/09/21/financial-literacy--meaning-components-benefits--strategies/
Tempo. (2019, November 20). E-commerce Dorong Gaya Hidup Pembayaran Digital [E-commerce Drive Digital Payment Lifestyle]. Tempo.Co. https://www.tempo.co/info-tempo/e-commerce-dorong-gaya-hidup-pembayaran-digital-682764
Ullah, S., Kiani, U. S., Raza, B., & Mustafa, A. (2022). Consumers’ Intention to Adopt m-payment/m-banking: The Role of Their Financial Skills and Digital Literacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873708
Utimaco. (2023). What are Digital Payments? Utimaco.Com. https://utimaco.com/service/knowledge-base/digital-payments/what-are-digital-payments
Wahid, F., Ullah, H., Ali, S., Jan, S. A., Ali, A., Khan, A., Khan, I. A., & Bibi, M. (2021). The Determinants and Forecasting of Electricity Consumption in Pakistan. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(1), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10646
Waluyo, D. (2023, August 23). Mendukung Digitalisasi Keuangan Usaha Mikro [Supporting Financial Digitalization of Micro Enterprises]. Portal Informasi Indonesia. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/indonesia-dalam-angka/7372/mendukung-digitalisasi-keuangan-usaha-mikro?lang=1
Waluyo, D. (2024, September 4). UMKM Indonesia Makin Kuat: Program Level Up 2024 Siap Dorong Digitalisasi Bisnis [Indonesia MSMEs are Getting Stronger: 2424 Level Up Program is Ready to Drive Business Digitalization’]. Portal Informasi Indonesia. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/8587/umkm-indonesia-makin-kuat-program-level-up-2024-siap-dorong-digitalisasi-bisnis
Widowati, N., & Khusaeni, M. (2022). Adopsi Pembayaran Digital QRIS pada UMKM Berdasarkan Technology Acceptance Model [QRIS Digital Payment Adoption on MSMEs Based on Technology Acceptance Model]. Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies, 1(2), 325–347. https://doi.org/10.21776/jdess.2022.01.2.15
Wooldridge, J. M. (2020). Introductory Econometrics, A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage.
Yuniarta, G. A., & Purnamawati, I. G. A. (2021). Psychological Dimensions and Practical Strategies: MSME and Mobile Payment Adoption. Management Science Letters, 11(2), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.9.009
Zulkifly, S. H., Omar, W. M. W., & Jaafar, M. N. (2024). Integrated Payment Gateway Adoption by Women-Owned Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Apparel Retail Sector: Scale Development and Validation. International Conference on Governance, Management & Social Innovation (ICGMSI 2023), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-425-9_8
Published
2025/10/17
Section
Original Scientific Paper