Paternalističko liderstvo u poslovnom okruženju Kuvajta: kulturološki prihvaćeno, ali pretežno neefikasno
Ključne reči:
paternalističko liderstvo, Kuvajt, kultura, liderstvo, klijentilizam.
Sažetak
Dostupna literatura vodi nas ka pretpostavci da je paternalističko liderstvo (PL) kulturološki prihvaćeno kao stil liderstva u Kuvajtu. Uzimajući u obzir različite poglede o efikasnosti paternalističkog liderstva, istraživački ciljevi našeg rada su trostruki. Prvo, da se ispita da li je paternalističko liderstvo prepoznato kao stil liderstva u kuvajtskim organizacijama; drugo, da se testira efikasnost PL stila ukoliko je prisutan; i treće, da se identifikuju specifičnosti kuvajtske rukovodne prakse. Rezultati nas dovode do zaključka da je PL prisutan u kuvajtskoj rukovodnoj praksi, da je kulturološki prihvaćen, ali i da je prepoznat kao neefektivni stil liderstva zbog uticaja klijentilizma (vaste).
Reference
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O’Sullivan, K. (2016). Paternalistic University Leadership in the UAE – Its Impact on Management Behaviour. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11, 54–64.
Palermo, O. A., Carnaz, A. C., & Duarte, H. (2018). Favouritism: Exploring the ‘uncontrolled’ spaces of the leadership experience. Leadership, 1742715017749190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715017749190
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Talib, A. A. (2017). Wasta: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Middle East Journal of Business, 12(2), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.5742/MEJB.2017.92942
Tang, C., & Naumann, S. E. (2015). Paternalistic leadership, subordinate perceived leader–member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(3), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.84
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Uhl-Bien, M., & Maslyn, M. (2005, August). Paternalism as a form of leadership: Differentiating paternalism from leader-member exchange. Meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory Of Social And Economic Organization. The Free Press.
Whiteoak, J. W., Crawford, N. G., & Mapstone, R. H. (2006). Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20086
Adžić, S. (2015). Business Leadership Challenges in Saudi Arabia. 3rd Annual Seminar on “Improving Organizational Performance by Effective Leadership,” University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia.
Adžić, S. (2017). Leadership in the High Performance Organizations. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.
Al-Kawaz, A. (2008). Economic diversification: The case of Kuwait with reference to oil producing countries. Journal of Economic Cooperation Among Islamic Countries, 29(3).
Almutairi, S., & Yen, D. (2017). International Diffusion of Digital Innovations: Mapping the Mobile Telephony of the Arab States. The Bottom Line, 30, 00–00. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-08-2017-0020
Almutairi, S., Yen, D., & Heller, M. (2018). The Many Facets of National Culture: A Critical Appraisal. Comparative Sociology, 17, 759–781. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341478
Arab Times. (2019, April 20). Kuwait’s GDP trends ‘downward.’ ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS. http://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwaits-gdp-trends-downward/
Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism. In U. Kim, K.-S. Yang, & K.-K. Hwang (Eds.), Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context (pp. 445–466). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28662-4_20
Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of Culture on Human Resource Management Practices: A 10‐Country Comparison. Applied Psychology, 49(1), 192–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00010
Aycan, Z., Schyns, B., Sun, J.-M., Felfe, J., & Saher, N. (2013). Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(9), 962–969. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.48
Badawy, M. K. (1980). Styles of Mideastern Managers. California Management Review, 22(3), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/41164876
Bauer, D. (2015). Successful leadership behaviours in Slovak organizations’ environment – an introduction to Slovak implicit leadership theories based on GLOBE study findings. Journal of East European Management Studies, 20(1), 9–35. https://doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2015-1-9
CIA. (2019). The World Factbook—Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research Methods in Education (8 edition). Routledge.
Dorfman, P., Javidan, M., Hanges, P., Dastmalchian, A., & House, R. (2012). GLOBE: A twenty year journey into the intriguing world of culture and leadership. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 504–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.004
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., Jackson, P. R., & Jaspersen, L. J. (2018). Management and Business Research (Sixth edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Ertenu Saracer, B., Karacay-Aydin, G., Asarkaya, Ç., & Kabasakal, H. (2012). Linking the Worldly Mindset with an Authentic Leadership Approach: An Exploratory Study in a Middle Eastern Context. In S. Turnbull, P. Case, G. Edwards, D. Schedlitzki, & P. Simpson (Eds.), Worldly Leadership: Alternative Wisdoms for a Complex World (pp. 206–222). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230361720_12
Farh, J.-L., & Cheng, B.-S. (2000). A Cultural Analysis of Paternalistic Leadership in Chinese Organizations. In J. T. Li, A. S. Tsui, & E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context (pp. 84–127). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511590_5
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine de Gruyter.
Hajjieh, A. (2011, April 20). Why has Kuwait failed to develop for the last 30 years? - Quora. Quora. https://www.quora.com/Why-has-Kuwait-failed-to-develop-for-the-last-30-years
Helmy, M. A. (2011). Investigating the critical success factors for PPP projects in Kuwait. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77471
Herb, M. (2009). A nation of bureaucrats: Political participation and economic diversification in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41(3), 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743809091119
Hofstede, G. (1983). The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490867
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. SAGE Publications.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A., Dorfman, P. W., & Dickson, M. (1999). Cultural Influences on Leadership and Organizations: Project GLOBE.
House, R. J., Quigley, N. R., & Luque, M. S. de. (2010). Insights from Project GLOBE. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 111–139. https://doi.org/10.2501/S0265048709201051
Hutchings, K., & Weir, D. (2006). Guanxi and Wasta: A comparison. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(1), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20090
IMF. (2018, October). World Economic Outlook Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weoselagr.aspx#a110
Jankowicz, A. D. (2004). Business Research Projects (4th edition edition). Cengage Learning EMEA.
Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (1998). Leadership, values and Institutions: The Case of Turkey: Research Papers. Istanbul: Bogazici University. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090951601000736
Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2002). Arabic cluster: A bridge between East and West. Journal of World Business, 37(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9516(01)00073-6
Kabasakal, H., Dastmalchian, A., Karacay, G., & Bayraktar, S. (2012). Leadership and culture in the MENA region: An analysis of the GLOBE project. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.005
Kuzulugil, S. (2009). Does One Size Fit All? Value-Based Subcultures and Leadership Preferences in Turkey. Bogazici.
Mansur, J., Sobral, F., & Goldszmidt, R. (2017). Shades of paternalistic leadership across cultures. Journal of World Business, 52(5), 702–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.06.003
McGivern, Y. (2008). The Practice of Market Research: An Introduction (3 edition). Financial Times/ Prentice Hall.
Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and Practice (Eighth edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
O’Sullivan, K. (2016). Paternalistic University Leadership in the UAE – Its Impact on Management Behaviour. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11, 54–64.
Palermo, O. A., Carnaz, A. C., & Duarte, H. (2018). Favouritism: Exploring the ‘uncontrolled’ spaces of the leadership experience. Leadership, 1742715017749190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715017749190
Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2008). Paternalistic Leadership: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Management, 34(3), 566–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316063
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Harvard Business Review, March-April 1990. https://hbr.org/1990/03/the-competitive-advantage-of-nations
Redding, G. (1990). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism. Walter de Gruyter.
Redding, G., Norman, A., & Schlander, A. (1994). The nature of individual attachment to theory: A review of East Asian variations. In Handbook of industrial and organi-zational psychology (H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnett, L. M. Hough, pp. 674–688). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology Press.
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2015). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson Education Limited.
Talib, A. A. (2017). Wasta: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Middle East Journal of Business, 12(2), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.5742/MEJB.2017.92942
Tang, C., & Naumann, S. E. (2015). Paternalistic leadership, subordinate perceived leader–member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(3), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.84
The World Bank. (2016). World development indicators 2016 (No. 105051; pp. 1–180). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/805371467990952829/World-development-indicators-2016
Uhl-Bien, M., & Maslyn, M. (2005, August). Paternalism as a form of leadership: Differentiating paternalism from leader-member exchange. Meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory Of Social And Economic Organization. The Free Press.
Whiteoak, J. W., Crawford, N. G., & Mapstone, R. H. (2006). Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20086
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