Tendencije tehnološke strukture izvoza i koncentracije izvoza balkanskih ekonomija na početku 21. veka
Sažetak
Početkom 21. veka prisutna je tendencija blagog poboljšanja kvaliteta izvoza balkanskih zemalja, koja se može pratiti kroz blagi porast udela robe višeg nivoa obrade (’skill-intensive’ industrijskih proizvoda kao i ’medium & high-tech’ proizvoda). Uprkos tome, nivo kvaliteta izvoza balkanskih zemalja vidno zaostaje za zemljama u EU i, u manjoj meri, za ekonomijama Centralne evrope u tranziciji, istina, sa nekim znacima konvergencije tokom vremena. Stagnantan i relativno visok nivo koncentracije izvoza i nisko učešća proizvoda više faze prerade pokazuje da su balkanske privrede sve više cenovno specijalizovane.
Za izvozni uspeh od velike važnosti je transfer moderne tehnologije i (stranih) investicija, posebno u kompetitivnim sektorima, čime bi se proširila izvozna ponuda. Neophodno je unapređenje radnog zakonodavstva i sveobuhvtna reorganizacija nauke i obrazovnog sistema. Jedan od razloga za slab izvoz balkanskih zemalja leži u praktičnom odsustvu industrijske politike, koja bi trebalo da promoviše inovacije, unapređenje kvaliteta proizvoda i visoke tehnološke standarde.
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