Regionalni ekonomski gubici nastali usled isključenosti Romkinja na tržištu rada u Srbiji
Sažetak
U ovom radu se izračunavaju ekonomski troškovi isključenosti Romkinja na tržištu rada na nivou NUTS 2 regiona u Srbiji, u pogledu obima proizvodnje i fiskalnih koristi. Pristup se oslanja na analizu scenarija u kojem ne postoje razlike u visini plata, stopi participacije i stopama zaposlenosti između romskih i neromskih aktera na tržištu rada. Korišćeni su podaci Ankete o radnoj snazi (ARS) iz 2019. godine kao osnova za poređenje romske i neromske populacije u smislu očekivane bruto zarade za radno sposobne pojedince pod uslovom da su zaposleni. Rezultati pokazuju da ukupan ekonomski gubitak (proizvodni + fiskalni) zbog isključenja Romkinja sa tržišta rada u Srbiji iznosi oko 197,7 miliona evra na godišnjem nivou. Od toga, 70,5% (139,3 miliona evra) potiče od gubitka proizvodnje/produktivnosti, a 29,5% (58,4 miliona evra) od fiskalnih gubitaka. Najveći doprinos ukupnim ekonomskim gubicima ima region Južne i Istočne Srbije (37,25%), zatim region Vojvodine (28,25%), Beogradski region (24,03%) i region Šumadije i Zapadne Srbije (10,46%).
Reference
Adamecz, A., Czafit, B., Bördős, K., Nagy, E., Lévai, P., & Scharle, Á. (2013). Roma inclusion and impact evaluation of two mainstream EU-funded active labour market programmes. Budapest Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.budapestinstitute.eu/uploads/BI_almp_eval_2013 0924_summary.pdf
Bachus, K. (2022). The job impact of the circular economy: an outline. In: J. Brizga & S. el Khadraoui, T. (Eds.) The circular economy and green jobs in EU and beyond (pp. 87–98). London Publishing Partnership and FEPS.
Badgett, M.V. (2014). The Economic Cost of Stigma and the Exclusion of LGBT People: A Case Study of India. Washington: World Bank. Retrieved from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21515
Banks, L. M., & Polack, S. (2015). The Economic Costs of Exclusion and Gains of Inclusion of People with Disabilities: Evidence from Low and Middle Income Countries. International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
Battaglia, M. & Lebedinski, L. (2015). Equal access to education: An evaluation of the Roma teaching assistant program in Serbia. World Development, 76, 62–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.06.009
Bojadjieva, D., Trpeski, P., & Merdzan, G. (2022). The economic costs of youth unemployment in North Macedonia. Knowledge – International Journal, 55(6), 1049–1055. Retrieved from: https://ikm.mk/ojs/index.php/kij/article/view/5765
Ciaian, P., Ivanov, A., & d'Artis, K. (2018). Long-run Economic, Budgetary and Fiscal Effects of Roma Integration Policies, JRC Working Papers in Economics and Finance No. 2018/7, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
De Laat, J. (2010). Economic costs of Roma exclusion. Human Development Economics, Europe and Central Asia, Washington: World Bank
Fresno, J.M., Lajčáková, J., Szira, J., Mačáková , S., Karoly, M., & Rossi, M. (2019). A Meta-Evaluation of Interventions for Roma Inclusion, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/641471
Grinevica, I. & Rivza, B. (2018). Economic costs of youth unemployment in the European union. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference "Economic science for rural development" No. 48, Jelgava, LLU ESAF, 911 May 2018, 299–305, DOI10.22616/ESRD.2018.098
ILO. (2014). Tackling informality in e-waste management: The potential of cooperative enterprises. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_dialogue/@sector/documents/publication/wcms_315228.pdf
Kajanova, A., & Kmecova, I. (2018). Development of Unemployment of the Roma Minority in Selected European Countries. Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention, 9(4), DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_9_4_08
Lutovac, I. (2020). Analysis of the Labour Market Demand, GIZ
Majumdar, S., & Woodhouse, A. (2019). The Problem is 'They See Us as a Whole': Explaining Gender- and Ethnicity-Based Inequalities among the Roma in Serbia. Background paper, Washington: World Bank Group https://doi.org/10.1596/31525
Marcinčin, A., & Marcinčinová, L. (2009). The Cost of Non-Inclusion: The key to integration is respect for diversity. Open Society Foundation
Marjanović. D. (2015). Assessment of the Structural Barriers that Hinder the Employment of Roma Women. UN Women. Retrieved from: http://www.europeanprogres.org/dokumenti/48_646015_asesment-of-the-structural-bariers-for-roma-women-employment.pdf
Martinidis, G., Andrei, R. & Tkadlecova, T. (2014). Challenges Faced by Roma Women in Europe on Education, Employment, Health and Housing - Focus on Czech Republic, Romania and Greece. Balkan Social Science Review,Balkan Social Science Review, Issue No: 4, 323-351.
Messing, V. (2013). Active Labor Market Policies with an Impact Potential on Roma Employment in Five Countries of the EU. NEUJOBS working paper No. 19/2. Retrieved from:
Milcher, S., & Fischer, M. (2011). On labour market discrimination against Roma in South East Europe. Papers in Regional Science, 90(4), 773–788.
O’Higgins, N. (2015). Ethnicity and Gender in the Labour Market in Central and South East Europe. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 39(2), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bev002
O’Higgins, N. (2009). It’s Not that I’m a Racist, it’s that They are Roma: Roma Discrimination and Returns to Education in South Eastern Europe’, IZA Discussion Paper No. 4208, June 2009. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1423324
Open Society Institute. (2008). International Comparative Data Set. Technical report, Open Society Foundation.
Radovanović, S., & Knežević, A. (2014). Romi u Srbiji, SORS, Retrieved from: https://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Romi.pdf
Robayo-Abril, M., de Paz Nieves, C., & Saavedra Facusse, T. (2019). Closing the Gender Gaps among Marginalized Roma in the Western Balkans. Retrieved from:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d655d207-4467-53e9-b56c-24cae68350bd/content
Robayo-Abril, M., & Millán, N. (2019). Breaking the Cycle of Roma Exclusion in the Western Balkans. The World Bank, Washington. https://doi.org/10.1596/31393
Salazar-Saenz, M.& Robayo-Abril, M. (2020). A Structural Model of the Labor Market to Understand Gender Gaps among Marginalized Roma Communities. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9398
Sijerković, B. (2022). Discrimination against Roma in the labour market. Retrieved from: https://trends.minorityrights.org/trends2022/serbia/
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, UNICEF. (2019). Survey Findings Report - Serbia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 and Serbia Roma Settlements Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef.org/serbia/media/16726/file/MICS%206%20Multiple%20Indicator%20Cluster%20Survey%20for%202019.pdf
Tulumović, Rasim. (2018). Potentials for Roma Employment in the Enlargement Region. Belgrade: Regional Cooperation Council Roma Integration 2020 Action Team
UNDP. (2018). Roma at a glance, Factsheet, Serbia https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/eurasia/Factsheet_SERBIA_Roma.pdf
World Bank. (2010). Roma Inclusion: An Economic Opportunity for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia. World Bank Other Operational Studies 12905, Washington: World Bank Group
World Bank. (2019). Regional Roma Survey, Washington: World Bank Group