Spremnost za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnost i konkurentnost zemalja Zapadnog Balkana
Sažetak
Zemlje Zapadnog Balkana postavile su za cilj pridruživanje Evropskoj uniji u što je moguće kraćem roku. U tom smislu, ove zemlje moraju prilagoditi svoje politike razvoja strategiji Evropa 2020, u čijem se centru nalazi izgradnja društva znanja, rast inovativnosti i unapređenje konkurentnosti. U radu je na osnovu podataka uzetih iz tri kompozitna indeksa (Knowledge Economy Index Instituta Svetske banke, Global Innovation Index INSEAD-a i Global Competitiveness Index Svetskog ekonomskog foruma) za 2013. godinu istraživana povezanost spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnosti i konkurentnosti šest zemalja Zapadnog Balkana (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Makedonija, Hrvatska, Srbija i Crna Gora) i isto tolikog broja selektovanih država Evropske unije iz njihovog najbližeg okruženja (Austrija, Bugarska, Grčka, Mađarska, Rumunija, Slovenija). Po podacima iz sva tri izvora, konstatovano je izraženo zaostajanje spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnosti i konurentnosti zemalja Zapadnog Balkana za selektovanim zemljama EU. Analizom međuzavisnosti pomenutih varijabli ustanovljena je: a) statistčki značajna korelacija između indikatora spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije znanja i globalnog indeksa inovativnosti za obe grupe zemalja; b) statistički značajna korelacija između globalnog indeksa inovativnosti i indeksa inovacione efikasnosti za zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, za razliku od grupe selektovanih zemalja EU; c) nije detektovana statistički značajna korelacija između globalnog indeksa inovativnosti i globalnog indeksa konkurentnosti za zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, dok je za grupaciju selektovanih zemalja EU ustanovljeno postojanje značajne linearne korelacije ovih varijabli
Reference
Acs, Z. J., de Groot, H. L., & Nijkamp, P. (Eds.). (2013). The emergence of the knowledge economy: A regional perspective. Springer Science & Business Media.
Atkinson, R. D., & Ezell, S. J. (2012). Innovation economics: the race for global advantage. Yale University Press.
Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (2003). Economic growth. MIT Press Books, 1.
Betz, F. (2003). Managing technological innovation: competitive advantage from change. John Wiley & Sons.
Carneiro, A. (2000). How does knowledge management influence innovation and competitiveness? Journal of knowledge management, 4(2), 87-98.
Chen, D. H., & Dahlman, C. J. (2005). The knowledge economy, the KAM methodology and World Bank operations. World Bank Institute Working Paper, (37256).
Chen, C. & Huang, J. (2009). Strategic human resource practices and innovation performance—The mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 104-114.
Coenen, L. & Díaz López, F. (2010). Comparing systems approaches to innovation and technological change for sustainable and competitive economies: an explorative study into conceptual commonalities, differences and complementarities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(12), 1149-1160.
Cooke, P. (2001). Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy. Industrial and corporate change, 10(4), 945-974.
Cooke, P. (2004). The role of research in regional innovation systems: new models meeting knowledge economy demands. International Journal of Technology Management, 28(3), 507-533.
Crnković-Stumpf, B., Katunar, J., & Cerović, L. (2011, April). Competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in Western Balkan Countries: What can they learn from EU area?. In 8th International Conference" Economic Integrations, Competition and Cooperation" Session 11: Western Balkans; trade, cooperation and EU integration perspective.
Cvetanović, S., & Nedić, V. (2013). An analysis of innovation performance of the Western Balkan countries and the EU selective economies group.Medjunarodni problemi, 65(1), 68-84.
Cvetanović, S. Despotović, D. Živković, Lj. Nedić, V. (2014). Environmental Dimension of Sustainable Competitiveness of Serbia and Selected European Countries. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, No 4.
Delgado, M., Ketels, C., Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2012). The determinants of national competitiveness (No. w18249). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Despotović, D., Cvetanović, S. & Nedić, V. (2014). Innovativeness and Competitiveness of the Western Balkan Countries and Selected EU Member States. Industrija, 42(1).
Dutta, S. (2012). The global innovation index 2012. Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global.
Dutta, S., & Lanvin, B. (Eds.). (2013). The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation.
Drucker, P. (1969). The Age of Discontinuity. New York: Harper & Row
Drucker, P. F., & Drucker, P. F. (1993). Post-capitalist society. Routledge.
Frenz, M., & Letto-Gillies, G. (2009). The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey. Research Policy, 38(7), 1125-1135.
Freeman, C. (1987). Technology policy and economic performance: lessons from Japan.
Garelli, S. (2012). The fundamentals and history of competitiveness. IMD World competitiveness yearbook 2012, 488, 503.
Huggins, R. A., & Izushi, H. (2007). Competing for knowledge: creating, connecting and growing. Routledge.
Kitson, M., Martin, R., & Tyler, P. (2004). Regional competitiveness: an elusive yet key concept?. Regional studies, 38(9), 991-999.
Lall, S. (2001). Competitiveness indices and developing countries: an economic evaluation of the global competitiveness report. World development,29(9), 1501-1525.
Lester, R. (2005). Universities, innovation, and the competitiveness of local economies. A summary Report from the Local Innovation Systems Project: Phase I. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Industrial Performance Center, Working Paper Series.
Lundvall, B. A. (1992). National innovation system: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. Pinter, London.
Machlup, F. (2014). Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution and Economic Significance, Volume III: The Economics of Information and Human Capital(Vol. 3). Princeton University Press.
Nedić, V. Cvetanović,S. Despotović, D, (2013). Divergence of th innovativeness and competitiveness of European Countries in the Period 2006-2012. Metalurgia International No. 9, 187 -183
Nelson, R. (1993). National Innovation System: A Comprehensive Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press
Önsel, Ş., Ülengin, F., Ulusoy, G., Aktaş, E., Kabak, Ö., & Topcu, Y. I. (2008). A new perspective on the competitiveness of nations. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42(4), 221-246.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Notions. Harvard business review.
Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5): 71-102.
Porter, M., & Rivkin, J. W. (2012). The looming challenge to US competitiveness. Harvard Business Review, 90(3), 54-61.
Ståhle, P., & Ståhle, S. (2006). Intellectual capital and national competitiveness: conceptual and methodological challenges. Capital immatériel, connessaince et performance, 415-29.
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 65-94.
Huggins, R., & Izushi, H. (2002). The digital divide and ICT learning in rural communities: examples of good practice service delivery. Local Economy,17(2), 111-122.
Staskevičiūtė, G., & Tamošiūnienė, R. (2010). The Evaluation of the National Competitiveness: Analysis of Existing Means. 6th International Scientific Confernece „Business and Management“. Vilnius, Lithuania
Ülengin, F., Kabak, Ö., Önsel, S., Aktas, E., & Parker, B. R. (2011). The competitiveness of nations and implications for human development. Socio-Economic planning sciences, 45(1), 16-27.
Zubović, J. (2010). Razvoj privrede zasnovan na ulaganjima u ljudske resurse i stranim investicijama. Institut ekonomskih nauka, Belgrade, 39-57.
WEF. (2012). The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013. World Economic Forum, Geneva.
World Bank. (2013). Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). Available at: http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM_page5.asp