Analiza inovativnosti kao determinante konkurentnosti selektovanih zemalja Evrope
Sažetak
Polazeći od pretpostavke da je fenomen inovativnosti u srži savremene ekonomske politike, u radu se posmatraju najinovativnije i najmanje inovativne evropske zemlje, a na osnovu vrednosti 12. stuba Indeksa globalne konkurentnosti (IGK) - Inovacije. Istraživanje je bazirano na analizi selektovanih 10 inovacionih lidera i 10 inovacionih “početnika” zemalja Evrope u 2013. Putem klaster analize izabranih zemalja na osnovu sličnosti inovativnih performansi, prikazana je dubina jaza između formiranih klastera inovacionih lidera i inovacionih “početnika”. Primenom metode vizuelizacije sagledavane su komponente stuba Inovacije analiziranih grupa zemalja. U dalji tok istraživanja, uključena je vemenska dimenzija i analiziran je trend inovativnosti posmatranih grupa zemalja u periodu od 2006 – 2015. godine. Grafikoni vremenskih serija, sa prosečnim vrednostima inovativnosti, pokazuju trend linije za svaki od klastera. Imajući u vidu da najveći broj makroekonomskih vremenskih serija ispoljava vremensku zavisnost, dinamički odnosi između njih analizirani su primenom VAR modela. Izmedju posmatranih serija ustanovljena je statisticki znacajna medjuzavisnost. Dodatno je, putem proste linearne regresije, ispitivan uticaj inovativnosti na GDP per capita posmatranih grupa zemalja. Došlo se do zaključka da pored izraženog jaza izmedju dostignutih nivoa inovativnosti posmatranih grupa zemalja postoji i pozitivan uticaj inovativnosti na dostignuti nivo GDP per capita izraženog u kupovnoj moći domaće valute kod grupe inovacionih “početnika” u posmatranom vremenskom periodu.
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