SULPHURIC ACID LEACHING OF LOW/MEDIUM GRADE Mn ORES USING A NOVEL NITROGENEOUS REDUCTANT- NH3NH2HSO4
Abstract
Low and medium grade land as well sea based manganese ores were used for manganese extraction in H2SO4 -NH3NH2HSO4 (hydrazine sulphate) medium For land based Mn ores, only Mn recovery is important but for sea nodules which contain substantial amounts Co, Ni, and Cu, their recovery is equally important. In the present studies four samples used were: Indian ocean manganese nodules, medium and low grade Mn ores of Gujarat, and low grade Mn ore of Orissa, India. The Mn content of these ores varied from 15 to 39%. The objective of this work is to establish a reductant which can be used for leaching Mn from all types of ores. The optimum conditions established for nodules by varying parameters such as time, temperature, pulp density, H2SO4 and NH3NH2HSO4 concentrations were: pulp density 10%, time 0.5h, temperature 110oC, NH3NH2HSO4 3.25 g/10g, H2SO4 2.0% (v/v) for 96.9% Mn, 85.25% Cu, 92.58% Ni and 76.5% Co extractions. More than 92% Mn could be leached from different types of ores by varying amount of reductant and acid concentration at 35oC. Depending on Mn content 1.0 to 1.2 times stochiometric amount of reductant and 1.5 to 1.8 times sulphuric acid were required for >92% Mn extraction.
References
D. J. Fray, H. A. Hancock, U.S. Patent No. 4,645,650. (1987).
F. W. Y. Momade, Zs G. Momade, Hydrometallurgy, 51 (1999) 103.
F. W. Y. Momade, Zs G. Momade, Hydrometallurgy, 54 (1999) 25.
R. N. Sahoo, P. K. Naik, S. C. Das, Hydrometallurgy, 62 (2001) 157.
S. C. Das, P. K. Sahoo, P. K. Rao, Hydrometallurgy, 8 (1982) 35.
T. Tekin, M. Bayramoglu, Hydrometallurgy, 32 (1993) 9.
C. Abbruzzese, In: Separation Processes in Hydrometallurgy (Ed. Davis, G.A.), Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, (1987) 77.
C. Abbruzzese , Hydrometallurgy, 25(1) (1990) 85.
C. Abbruzzese, M. Y. Duarte, B. Paponetti , L. Toro, Miner Eng 3(3–4) (1990) 307.
D. Grimanelis, P. Neou-Syngouna, H. Vazarlis, Hydrometallurgy, 31(1-2) (1992) 139.
J. D. Miller, R. Y. Wan, Hydrometallurgy, 10 (1983) 219.
P. K. Naik, L. B. Sukla, S. C. Das, Hydrometallurgy, 54 (2000) 217.
Z. Zhang, L. Q. Liu, S. F. Peng, Engineering Chemistry and Metallurgy (China), 21(1) 2000 103.
T. Jiang, Y. Yang, Z. Huang, G. Qiu, Hydrometallurgy, 72 (2004) 129.
P. R. Raisoni, S. G. Dixit, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 42(3) (1988) 167.
M. Trifoni, F. Veglio, G. Taglieri, L. Toro, Miner Eng 13(2) (2000) 217.
M. Trifoni, L. Toro, F. Veglio, Hydrometallurgy, 59 (2001) 1.
F. Veglio, M. Trifoni, L. Toro, Ind Eng Chem Res 40(18) (2001) 3895.
F. Pagnanelli, G. Furlani, P. Valentini, F. Veglio, L. Toro, Hydrometallurgy, 75 (2004) 157.
F. Veglio, L. Toro, Hydrometallurgy, 36 (1994) 215.
F. Veglio, I. Volpe, M. Trifoni, L. Toro, Ind Eng Chem Res 39(8) (2000) 2947.
A. A. Ismail, E. A. Ali, I. A. Ibrahim, M. S. Ahmed, The Canadian J. Chem. Eng. 82 (2004) 1296.
D. Hariprasad, B. Dash, M. K. Ghosh, S. Anand, IJCT, 16 (2009) 322.
D. Hariprasad, B.Dash, M. K. Ghosh, S. Anand, Miner Eng, 20 (2007) 1293.
D. Hariprasad, M. K. Ghosh, S. Anand, Trans Ind Inst Met, 62(6) (2009) 551.
J. N. Brook, A. P. Prosser, Trans Instn Min Metall 78 (1969) C64.
S. C. Das, S. Anand, R. P. Das, P. K. Jena , Aus. IMM Bulletin and Proceedings, 294(1) (1989)73.
S. Mohanty, S. Anand, R. P. Das, Metals, Materials and Processes, 13(1) (2001) 9.
K. N. Han, D. W. Fuerstenau, Mar Min, 2 (1986) 155.
S. B. Kanungo, R. P. Das, Hydrometallurgy, 20 (1988) 135.
J. E. Pahlman, S. E. Khalafalla, U.S. Patent 4,138,465 (1979).
S. E. Khalafalla, J. E. Pahlman, J Metals, Aug. (1981) 37-42.
J. H. Lee, J. Gilje, H. Zeitlin, Environ. Sci. & Tech., 12(13) (1978) 1428.
R. Acharya, M. K. Ghosh, S. Anand, R. P. Das, Hydrometallurgy, 53(2) (1999) 169.
M. K. Ghosh, S. P. Barik, S. Anand, Trans Ind Inst Met 61(6) (2008) 477.
A. I. Vogel , A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, English Language Book Society and Longmans Green Publishers, (2000).
K. Rout, M. Mohapatra, B. K. Mohapatra, S. Anand, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 1(1) (2009) 106-122.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The Author(s) warrant that their manuscript is their original work that has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The Author(s) affirm that the article contains no unfounded or unlawful statements and does not violate the rights of others. The author(s) also affirm that they hold no conflict of interest that may affect the integrity of the Manuscript and the validity of the findings presented in it. The Corresponding author, as the signing author, warrants that he/she has full power to make this grant on behalf of the Author(s). Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA).
Authors are permitted to deposit publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), and/or departmental website at any time after publication.
Upon receiving the proofs, the Author(s) agree to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any typographical errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.
The Corresponding author agrees to inform his/her co-authors, of any of the above terms.