Increase of ductile iron D5S durability by high temperature pre-treatment

  • Wojciech J. Nowak Rzeszow University of Technology
  • Bartek Wierzba Rzeszow University of Technology
  • Aleksander Mazurkow Rzeszow University of Technology
  • Artur Jaworski BorgWarner Turbo Systems
  • Łukasz Krawczyk BorgWarner Turbo Systems

Abstract


In the present work a performance of ductile iron D5S at high temperature in the oxidizing environment was investigated. The obtained results revealed that exposure at temperatures 800°C, 850°C and 900°C resulted in relatively high mass gain and an extensive oxide scale spallation from the samples’ surfaces during cooling. On the contrary, the material exposed at 950°C revealed a better oxidation resistance and no oxide scale spallation. The material exposed at 1000°C showed the best oxidation resistance among the studied samples. The surfaces and cross-sectional investigation revealed that the material exposed at 950°C formed mostly Ni/Cr/Mn-mixed protective oxide scale and local formation of Fe-rich nodules. In comparison with the sample exposed at 1000°C, smaller amount of Fe-rich noudels per area unit was observed and most of the surface was covered by Ni/Cr/Mn-mixed protective scale. The latter was explained by the change in the calculated diffusion coefficients in the alloy for Ni and Fe, namely up to 900°C the diffusion coefficient for Fe was much higher than for Ni, while above 900°C the diffusion coefficient for Ni becomes higher than for Fe. This phenomenon was correlated with phase transformation from α-Fe into γ-Fe resulting in the diffusion coefficient change.

References

P. P. Milella: Fatigue and corrosion in metals. Springer Verlag, Italy, (2013) p. 771-806.

H. E. Evans, R. C. Lobb: Conditions for the initiation of oxide-scale cracking and spallation. Corrosion Science, 24(3):209–222, 1984.

H. E. Evans: Stress effects in high temperature oxidation of metals. International materials reviews, 40(1):1–40, 1995

D. J. Young: High temperature oxidation and corrosion of metals, volume 1. Elsevier, 2008

M. Ekström: Oxidation and corrosion fatigue aspects of cast exhaust manifolds. PhD thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2015

S. Xiang, B. Zhu, S. Jonsson: High-Temperature Corrosion-Fatigue Behavior of Ductile Cast Irons for Exhaust Manifolds. Applications Materials Science Forum, Vol.925, pp.369-376, 2018

R. Covert, J. Morrison, K. Rohrig: Properties and applications of Ni-resist and ductile Ni-resist alloys. Nickel Development Institute, 1998.

G. Cao, Z. Li, J. Tang, X. Sun, Z. Liu, Oxidation Kinetics and Spallation Model of Oxide Scale during Cooling Process of Low Carbon Microalloyed Steel, High Temp. Mater. Proc. 2017; 36(9): 927–935

M. Ekström, S.Jonsson, High-temperature mechanical- and fatigue properties of cast alloys intended for use in exhaust manifolds, Materials Science & Engineering A 616 (2014) 78–87

M. Ekström, S. Jonsson, High-temperature corrosion fatigue of a ferritic ductile cast iron in inert and corrosive environments at 700°C, 10th International Symposium on the Science and Processing of Cast Iron – SPCI10

G.S. Çelik, F. Kahrıman, S.H. Atapek and S. Polat, Characterization of the high temperature oxidation behavior of iron based alloys used as exhaust manifolds, MATEC Web of Conferences 188, 02001 (2018)

N. Scheidhauer, C. Dommaschk, G. Wolf, Oxidation Resistant Cast Iron for High Temperature Application, Materials Science Forum , ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 925, pp 393-399,

M. P. Brady, G. Muralidharan, D. N. Leonard, J. A. Haynes, R. G. Weldon, R. D. England, Long-Term Oxidation of Candidate Cast Iron and Stainless Steel Exhaust System Alloys from 650 to 800°C in Air with Water Vapor, Oxid Met (2014) 82:359–381, DOI 10.1007/s11085-014-9496-1

M. Ekstrom, P. Szakalos, S. Jonsson, Influence of Cr and Ni on High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron in Air and Exhaust Gases, Oxid Met (2013) 80: 455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-013-9389-8

M. Schütze, W.J. Quadakkers, Future Directions in the Field of High-Temperature Corrosion Research, Oxid. Met. 87 (2017) 681–704, DOI 10.1007/s11085-017-9719-3

J. A. Haynes, B. A. Pint, W. D. Porter, I. G. Wright, Comparison of thermal expansion and oxidation behavior of various high-temperature coating materials and superalloys, Materials at High Temperatures 21(2), 2014,:87-94

J. Meiser, H.M. Urbassek, Ferrite-to-Austenite and Austenite-to-Martensite Phase Transformations in the Vicinity of a Cementite Particle: A Molecular Dynamics Approach, Metals 2018, 8, 837; doi:10.3390/met8100837,

Published
2020/12/30
How to Cite
Nowak, W. J., Wierzba, B., Mazurkow, A., Jaworski, A., & Krawczyk, Łukasz. (2020). Increase of ductile iron D5S durability by high temperature pre-treatment. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 56(3), 353-360. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/24466
Section
Original Scientific Paper