Magnesium Extraction of Ferronickel Slag Waste Processed by Alkali Fusion and Hydrochloric Acid Leaching

Keywords: Ferronickel Slag, Alkali Fusion, Leaching, Hydrochloric Acid, Magnesium, Percent of Extraction

Abstract


A research based on ferronickel slag has been carried out. The main compositions of ferronickel slag are silica, magnesium, iron, and aluminum in any oxide forms. Minor elements found in the ferronickel slag are nickel, chrome, cobalt, titanium and other elements. The ferronickel slag contains 41% of silica, 26.6% of magnesium and about 21% of iron. It shows that the ferronickel slag could be processed by pulling out its magnesium, so it would have a higher economic value. The ferronickel slag processing technology with alkali fusion and hydrometallurgy leaching method with acids areconsidered to be able to extract magnesium to be more economical in value. The objective of this research is to examine the solution concentration effect and temperatures so thatthe highest contents of magnesium can be obtained during the leaching process. This research used variations of 2M; 4M; 6M; and 8M concentrations; it also used variations in room temperature at 60°C and 80°C. The leaching process was carried out at 15; 30; 60; 120; and 240 minutes. Analyses of XRF, XRD, SEM, and ICP-OES were undertaken to see the characteristics of slags and magnesium content after the leaching process. The result showed that the highest magnesium extraction percentage was 82.67% at 80°C with a 2M solution concentration for 30 minutes. Kinetics studies exhibited that the magnesium leaching process of nickel slag is affected by diffusion and chemical reactions.

References

1. Kang, S., K. Park, and D. Kim, Potential soil contamination in areas where ferronickel slag is used for reclamation work. Materials, 2014. 7(10): p. 7157-7172.
2. Tangahu, B.V., et al., Ferronickel slag performance from reclamation area in Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2015. 5(03): p. 408.
3. Sakoi, Y., et al. Properties of concrete used in ferronickel slag aggregate. in Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on sustainable construction materials and technologies, Tokyo, Japan. 2013.
4. Saha, A.K., M. Khan, and P.K. Sarker, Value-added utilization of by-product electric furnace ferronickel slag as construction materials: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018. 134: p. 10-24.
5. Choi, Y.C. and S. Choi, Alkali–silica reactivity of cementitious materials using ferro-nickel slag fine aggregates produced in different cooling conditions. Construction and Building Materials, 2015. 99: p. 279-287.
6. Rahman, M.A., et al., Soundness and compressive strength of Portland cement blended with ground granulated ferronickel slag. Construction and Building Materials, 2017. 140: p. 194-202.
7. Maragkos, I., I.P. Giannopoulou, and D. Panias, Synthesis of ferronickel slag-based geopolymers. Minerals Engineering, 2009. 22(2): p. 196-203.
8. Mordike, B. and T. Ebert, Magnesium: properties—applications—potential. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2001. 302(1): p. 37-45.
9. Demotica, J.S., et al., Characterization and leaching assessment of ferronickel slag from a smelting plant in Iligan City, Philippines. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2012. 3(5): p. 470-474.
10. Royani, A., et al. Extraction of magnesium from calcined dolomite ore using hydrochloric acid leaching. in AIP Conference Proceedings. 2018. AIP Publishing.
11. Survey, G., Mineral Commodity Summaries: 2012. 2012: Government Printing Office.
12. Prasetyo, A., et al. Thermal characteristics of ferronickel slag on roasting process with addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. IOP Publishing.
13. Pangaribuan, R.H., et al. The effect of NaOH (natrium hydroxide) to slag nickel pyrometallurgy in different temperature and additive ratio. in E3S Web of Conferences. 2018. EDP Sciences.
14. Patrick, J., et al. The effect of addition of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) to nickel slag pyrometallurgical process with temperature and additives ratio as variables. in E3S Web of Conferences. 2018. EDP Sciences.
15. Mubarok, M. and A. Yudiarto, Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide from Ferronickel Smelting Slag Through Hydrochloric Acid Leaching-Precipitation and Calcination, in Energy Technology 2017. 2017, Springer. p. 247-258.
16. Harris, G.B. and J.G. Peacey, Production of pure magnesium chloride solution from siliceous magnesium minerals, 1992, Google Patents.
17. Gu, F., et al., Selective recovery of chromium from ferronickel slag via alkaline roasting followed by water leaching. Journal of hazardous materials, 2019. 374: p. 83-91.
18. Mufakhir, F., M. Mubarok, and Z. Ichlas. Leaching of silicon from ferronickel (FeNi) smelting slag with sodium hydroxide solution at atmospheric pressure. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. IOP Publishing.
19. Huang, F., et al., Selective recovery of valuable metals from nickel converter slag at elevated temperature with sulfuric acid solution. Separation and Purification Technology, 2015. 156: p. 572-581.
20. Chu, Y.-S., et al., Extraction of Mg ion and fabrication of Mg compound from ferro-nickel slag. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 2010. 47(6): p. 613-617.
21. Park, J.-H., et al., Adsorption of Cd, Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions onto ferronickel slag under different potentially toxic metal combination. Water Science and Technology, 2016. 73(5): p. 993-999.
22. Ettler, V., et al., Leaching behaviour of slag and fly ash from laterite nickel ore smelting (Niquelândia, Brazil). Applied Geochemistry, 2016. 64: p. 118-127.
23. Raschman, P., M. Špáková, and A. Fedoročková, Effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on the selectivity of leaching of high-calcium dead-burned magnesite. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2010. 15(3): p. 232.
24. Özdemir, M., D. Çakır, and İ. Kıpçak, Magnesium recovery from magnesite tailings by acid leaching and production of magnesium chloride hexahydrate from leaching solution by evaporation. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2009. 93(2): p. 209-212.
25. Agacayak, T. and V. Zedef, Dissolution Kinetics of Lateritic Iron Ore in Sulphuric Acid Medium. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM: Surveying Geology & mining Ecology Management, 2009. 1: p. 397.
26. Kursunoglu, S. and M. Kaya, Atmospheric pressure acid leaching of Caldag lateritic nickel ore. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2016. 150: p. 1-8.
27. Thubakgale, C., R. Mbaya, and K. Kabongo, A study of atmospheric acid leaching of a South African nickel laterite. Minerals Engineering, 2013. 54: p. 79-81.
28. Habashi, F., Extractive Metallurgy, vol. 1, General principles, Gordon and Breach, 1969, Science Publishers. Inc. New York.
29. Levenspiel, O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, second edition. 1972, New York.
Published
2021/09/03
How to Cite
Prasetyo, A. B., Azmi, K., Mayangsari, W., Febriana, E., Maksum, A., Juniarsih, A., Firdiyono, F., & Soedarsono, J. W. (2021). Magnesium Extraction of Ferronickel Slag Waste Processed by Alkali Fusion and Hydrochloric Acid Leaching. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 57(2), 225-233. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/25364
Issue
Vol. 57 No. 2 (2021)
Section
Original Scientific Paper

Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.

The Author(s) warrant that their manuscript is their original work that has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The Author(s) affirm that the article contains no unfounded or unlawful statements and does not violate the rights of others. The author(s) also affirm that they hold no conflict of interest that may affect the integrity of the Manuscript and the validity of the findings presented in it. The Corresponding author, as the signing author, warrants that he/she has full power to make this grant on behalf of the Author(s). Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.

The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA).

Authors are permitted to deposit publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), and/or departmental website at any time after publication.

Upon receiving the proofs, the Author(s) agree to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any typographical errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.

The Corresponding author agrees to inform his/her co-authors, of any of the above terms.