Liquid-vapor equilibrium and evaporation rate of Cd-Zn liquid alloy
Abstract
In this study, VLE (vapor-liquid equilibrium) data of cadmium-zinc system were determined at pressure of 7.5 Pa. We modeled VLE for Cd-Zn system in vacuum distillation using the Wilson equation. The results demonstrate that VLE phase diagram is reliable for predicting the process of vacuum distillation for Cd-Zn system. Evaporation rates of one element in Cd-Zn alloy were calculated by the Langmuir equation and were experimental measured. Experimental data on the evaporation of pure metals Cd and Zn are included. The evaporation coefficients of zinc and cadmium under vacuum conditions were calculated. The evaporation rates of zinc and cadmium in the alloy and pure metals Cd and Zn were calculated, respectively. The deviations were discussed. Comparing calculations with experimental results, it can be found that the trend is consistent. The activation energies of Cd and Zn in the Cd-Zn alloy under experimental conditions were also calculated.
References
[2] D.K. Xia and Y.N. Dai. Nonferrous Met. Eng., 44 (1992) 52-55.
[3] B.Y. Song, W.L. Jiang, B.Yang and B.Q. Xu. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 35 (2015) 1477-1482.
[4] Y. Ogasawar, Tabaian Seyed Hadi and Masafumi Maeda. ISIJ Int., 38 (1998) 789-793.
[5] L. Li, S. Tu and Dieter. Janke. Steel Res. Int., 66 (1995) 188-193.
[6] K.N. Yang, C.X. Sun and Hogjihu. Acta Metall. Sin., 18 (1982) 411-417.
[7] C. Zhang, W.L. Jiang, B.Yang, D.C. Liu, B.Q. Xu and H.W. Yang. Fluid Phase Equilib., 405 (2015) 68-72.
[8] C.B. Nan, H. Xiong, B. Xu, B. Yang, D.C. Liu and H.W. Yang. Fluid Phase Equilib., 442 (2017) 62-67.
[9] Y. Chen, B. Yang, B.Q. Xu, and H.W. Yang. Fluid Phase Equilib., 490 (2019) 86-91.
[10] S.M. Walas. Phase equilibria in chemical engineering, Butterworth, Boston, 1985, p. 333-334.
[11] T. Iida and R.I.L. Guthrie. The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988, p. 91-92.
[12] Wilson and M. Grant. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 86 (1964) 127-130.
[13] Irving Langmuir. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2 (1913) 329-342.
[14] O.Winkler and R. Bakish. Vacuum metallurgy, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1971, p. 63-69
[15] Ohno and Reiichi. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 18(2007) 232-238.
[16] R. Hultgren, P D. Desai, D T. Hawkins, M. Geiser, K K. Kelley. Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Alloys. ASM, Metals Park, (1973) 334-337.
[17] S. Jin and K. Hu. Chin. J. Rare Met., 1 (1981) 3-7.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The Author(s) warrant that their manuscript is their original work that has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The Author(s) affirm that the article contains no unfounded or unlawful statements and does not violate the rights of others. The author(s) also affirm that they hold no conflict of interest that may affect the integrity of the Manuscript and the validity of the findings presented in it. The Corresponding author, as the signing author, warrants that he/she has full power to make this grant on behalf of the Author(s). Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA).
Authors are permitted to deposit publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), and/or departmental website at any time after publication.
Upon receiving the proofs, the Author(s) agree to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any typographical errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.
The Corresponding author agrees to inform his/her co-authors, of any of the above terms.