Effect of binary basicity on chromium occurrence in stainless steel slag

  • Qiang Zeng The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • Jianli Li Wuhan University of science and technology
  • Guojun Ma The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
  • Hangyu Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Keywords: steelmaking slag; hexavalent chromium; spinel; Cr2O3; binary basicity

Abstract


Comprehensive utilization of stainless-steel slag (SSS) is restrained due to the risk of Cr6+ leaching. Based on the studying the microstructure of synthetic slag (SS) containing Cr2O3 with XRD, SEM-EDS, and Image pro, the effect of binary basicity on the chromium occurrence in SSS was investigated. The results indicated that the binary basicity had a significant impact on the properties of spinel crystals. There was a positive correlation between the calcium content in spinel crystals and the SS basicity. The size of spinel crystals varied from large to small and the precipitation occurrence changed with the basicity increase. Furthermore, the chromium occurrences changed with the basicity. The chromium was produced in spinel crystals at lower basicity, but as the basicity increased to 3.0, the chromium precipitated as calcium chromate. In view of the relationship between the chromium leaching behavior and its occurrence, increasing basicity raised the Cr6+ leaching.

References

[1] ISSF(2020). Stainless steel production decreases by 2.5% to 50.9 million tons in 2020. https://www.worldstainless.org/news/stainless-steel-production-decreases-by-2-5-to-50-9-million-tons-in-2020/
[2] W. Han, The hydro-processing of stainless steel slag and its application in baosteel, Baosteel Technology (in China), 3 (2010) 30-33. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:BGJS.0.2010-03-008
[3
] L. M. Sánchez, Á. M. Ubios, Alterations in odonto genesis and tooth eruption resulting from exposure to hexavalent chromium in suckling animals, International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 30 (1) (2020) 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12573
[4
] W. Li, X. Xue, Effect of cooling regime on phase transformation and chromium enrichment in stainless-steel slag, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 46 (7) (2018) 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2018.1436890
[5
] S. S. Biswal, P. Chittaranjan, S. Sudarsan, Entrapment of chromium in cement with waste material, Materials Today: Proceedings. 35 (2) (2020) 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.326
[6
] F. Saly, L. Guo, R. Ma, Properties of steel slag and stainless steel slag as cement replacement materials: a comparative study, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 33 (2018) 1444-1451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1989-3
[7
] Y. Chen, D. An, S. Sun, Reduction and removal of chromium VI in water by powdered activated carbon, Materials (Basel), 11 (2) (2018) 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020269
[8
] J. Rosales, F. Agrela, J. A. Entrenas, Potential of stainless steel slag waste in manufacturing self-compacting concrete, Materials, 13 (9) (2020) 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092049
[9
] K. Pillay, H. Blottnitz, J. Petersen, Ageing of chromium(III)-bearing slag and its relation to the atmospheric oxidation of solid chromium(III)-oxide in the presence of calcium oxide, Chemosphere, 52 (10) (2003) 1771-1779.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00453-3
[10
] M. Baghalha, V. G. Papangelakis, W. Curlook, Factors affecting the leachability of Ni/Co/Cu slags at high temperature, Hydrometallurgy, 85 (1) (2007) 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.07.007
[11
] Y. Lee, C. L. Nassaralla, Formation of hexavalent chromium by reaction between slag and magnesite-chrome refractory, Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, 29 (2) (1998) 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0117-8
[12
] Y. Lee, C. L. Nassaralla, Minimization of hexavalent chromium in magnesite-chrome refractory, Metallurgical & Materials Transactions B, 28 (5) (1997) 855-859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-997-0013-7
[13
] P. Drissen, A. Ehrenberg, M, Kühn, Recent development in slag treatment and dust recycling, Steel Research International, 80 (10) (2010) 737-745. https://doi.org/10.2374/SRI09SP055
[14
] R. B. Dean, Hazardous industrial waste management and testing: third symposium, 3 (4) (1985) 399 https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-242X(85)90133-8
[15
] H. Cabrera-Real, A. Romero-Serrano, Effect of MgO and CaO/SiO2 on the immobilization of chromium in synthetic slags, Journal of Material Cycles & Waste Management 14 (4) (2012) 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012-0072-y
[16
] E. García. Ramos, A. Romero. Serrano, B. Zeifert, Immobilization of chromium in slags using MgO and Al2O3, Steel Research International, 79 (5) (2008) 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.200806135
[17
] S. Yusuke, M. Takahiro, H. Mitsutaka, Prevention of chromium elution from stainless steel slag into seawater, ISIJ International, 51 (5) (2011) 728-732. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.51.728
[18
] L. H. Cao, C. J. Liu, Q. Zhao, Analysis on the stability of chromium in mineral phases in stainless steel slag, Metallurgical Research & Technology, 115 (1) (2017) 114. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017071
[19
] Q. Zhao, C. Liu, L. H. Cao, Effect of lime on stability of chromium instainless steel slag, Minerals, 8 (2018) 424-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8100424
[20
] L. H. Cao, C. J. Liu, Q. Zhao, Growth behavior of spinel in stainless steel slag during cooling process, Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 25 (11) (2018) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-018-0058-7
[21
] S. Esfahani, M, Barati, Effect of slag composition on the crystallization ofsynthetic CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO slags: part I—crystallization behavior, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 436 (2016) 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.12.011
[22
] G. Albertsson, L. Teng, B. Bjorkman, Effect of basicity on chromium partition in CaO–MgO–SiO2–Cr2O3 synthetic slag at 1873 K, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 123 (2) (2014) 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743285513Y.0000000038
[23
] G. Albertsson, L. Teng, B. Bjorkman, S. Seetharaman, F. Engstrom, Effect of low oxygen partial pressure on the chromium partition in CaO–MgO–SiO2–Cr2O3–Al2O3 synthetic slag at elevated temperatures, Steel Research International, 84 (7) (2013) 670-679. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201200214
[24
] Y. Lin, Q. Luo, B. Yan, Effect of B2O3 addition on mineralogical phases and leaching behavior of synthetic CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–CrOx slag, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22 (4) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01015-4
[25
] Q. Shu, Q. Luo, L. Wang, Effects of MnO and CaO/SiO2 mass ratio on phase formations of CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-CrOx slag at 1673K and PO2=10-10 atm, Steel Research International, 86 (4) (2015) 391-399. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201400117
[26
] Z. Liu, R. Dekkers, B. Blanpain, Experimental study on the viscosity of stainless steelmaking slags. ISIJ International, 59 (3) (2019) 404-411. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-558
[27
] X. Wu, X. Dong, R. Wang, Crystallization behaviour of chromium in stainless steel slag: effect of FeO and basicity, Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, 13 (2016) S57-S62. https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/S1/10
[28
] W. Li, X. Xue, Effects of silica addition on chromium distribution in stainless-steel slag, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 45 (10) (2018) 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2017.1412386
[29
] Q. Zeng, J. Li, Q. Mou, Effect of FeO on spinel crystallization and chromium stability in stainless steel-making slag, JOM, 71 (7) (2019) 2331-2337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03465-0
[30
] C. Han, Y. Jiao, Q. Wu, Kinetics and mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal by basic oxygen furnace slag, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 46 (8) (2016) 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.024
[31
] V. Breu, M. Clozel, K. Burri, Reduction of aqueous transition metal species on the surfaces of Fe(II)-containing oxides, Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 60 (20) (1996) 3799-3814. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00213-X
[32
] J. Nell, J.Villiers, T-PO2 topologic analysis of phase relations in the system CaO-CrO-Cr2O3-SiO2, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 76 (9) (2010) 2193-2200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb07754.x
[33
] AM. Mirzayousef-Jadid, K. Schwerdtfeger, Redox equilibria of chromium in calcium silicate base melts, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 40(4) (2009) 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-009-9225-3
[34
] M. I. Domínguez, F. Romero-Sarria, M. A. Centeno, Physicochemical characterization and use of wastes from stainless steel mill, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 29 (4) (2010) 471-480. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10435

Published
2022/01/19
How to Cite
Zeng, Q., Li, J., Ma, G., & Zhu, H. (2022). Effect of binary basicity on chromium occurrence in stainless steel slag. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 58(1), 11-18. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/31152
Section
Original Scientific Paper