ANTIMONY PRODUCTION BY CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF STIBNITE IN THE PRESENCE OF LIME

  • Rafael Padilla University of Concepcion
  • Luis C Chambi Universidad Mayor de San Andres,
  • Maria C Ruiz University of Concepcion

Abstract


Experimental work on the carbothermic reduction of Sb2S3 in the presence of lime was carried out in the temperature range of 973 to 1123 K to produce antimony in an environmentally friendly manner. The results demonstrated the technical feasibility of producing antimony by this method without producing SO2 gas. Complete conversion of Sb2S3 was obtained at 1023 K in about 1000 seconds and at 1123 K in less than 250 seconds using stibnite-carbon-lime mixtures with molar ratios Sb2S3:CaO:C = 1:3:3. It was found that the reduction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate oxide SbO2, which is subsequently reduced by CO(g) to yield antimony metal and CaS. The kinetics of the Sb2S3 reduction was analyzed by using the equation ln(1-X) = -kt. The activation energy was 233 kJ mol-1 in the temperature range of 973 to 1123 K. This value would correspond to an antimony catalyzed carbon oxidation by CO2.

Author Biographies

Rafael Padilla, University of Concepcion

Department of Metallurgical Engineering,

Professor

Luis C Chambi, Universidad Mayor de San Andres,
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
Maria C Ruiz, University of Concepcion

Department of Metallurgical Engineering,

Professor

References

J.G. Yang, C.B. Tang, Y.M. Chen, M.T. Tang, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 42B (2011) 30-36.

F. Habashi, Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy Vol. II, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, New York, 1997.

H.Y. Sohn, S. Won, Metal. Trans. B, 16B (1985) 831-839.

Y. K. Rao, S. K. EL-Rahaiby, Metall. Trans. B, 16B (1985) 465-75.

H. Abramowitz, Y. K. Rao,Trans. Inst. Miner. Met. Sect. C, 87 (1978) 180-188.

M. K. Mohan, T. R. Mankhand, P.M. Prasad, Metall. Trans. B, 18B (1987) 719-25.

A. Jha, P. Grieveson, J.H. Jeffes, Scand. J. Metallurgy, 18 (1989) 31-45.

M. C. Bronson, H. Y. Sohn, Metall. Trans. B, 14B (1983) 605-15.

T. R. Mankhand, P.M. Prasad, Metall. Trans. B, 13B (1982) 275-82.

R. Padilla, M. C. Ruiz, H. Y. Sohn, Metall. Mater, Trans. B, 28B (1997) 265-274.

R. Padilla, M. C. Ruiz, Can. Metall. Quart., 40 (2) (2001) 169-178.

C. M. Wu, C. I. Lin, H. K. Chen, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 37B (2006) 339-347.

N.S. Sundarmurti, B. R, Rehani, B.J. Rao, T. Indian I. Metals, 60 (2007) 417-430

Y. C. Peng, C.I. Lin, H. K. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. 42 (2007) 7558-7565.

U. O. Igiehon, B. S. Terry, P. Grieveson, Trans. Instn. Min. Metall. Sect. C, 101 (1992) 144-154.

R. Padilla, G. Ramirez, M. C. Ruiz, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 41B (2010) 1284-92.

R. Padilla, H. Y. Sohn, Metall. Trans. B, 10B (1979) 109-115.

Y. K. Rao, Metall. Trans., 2 (1971) 1439-47.

A. Roine, HSC Chemistry 5.1, Outokumpu Research Oy, Pori, Finland.

I. Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Third edition, VCH Publishers, Inc. New York, NY, (1994).

L. B. Pankratz, A. D. Mah, S. W. Watson, Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfides, US Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 689 (1987) 334.

P. L. Walker, M. Shelef, R. A. Anderson, Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, (1968), Vol. 4, 287-301.

E. T. Turkdogan, J. V. Vinters, Carbon, 8 (1970) 39-53.

Y. K. Rao, B. P. Jalan, Metall. Trans., 3 (1972) 2465-77.

Published
2014/06/15
How to Cite
Padilla, R., Chambi, L. C., & Ruiz, M. C. (2014). ANTIMONY PRODUCTION BY CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF STIBNITE IN THE PRESENCE OF LIME. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 50(1), 5-13. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/3979
Issue
Vol. 50 No. 1 (2014)
Section
Original Scientific Paper

Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.

The Author(s) warrant that their manuscript is their original work that has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The Author(s) affirm that the article contains no unfounded or unlawful statements and does not violate the rights of others. The author(s) also affirm that they hold no conflict of interest that may affect the integrity of the Manuscript and the validity of the findings presented in it. The Corresponding author, as the signing author, warrants that he/she has full power to make this grant on behalf of the Author(s). Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.

The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA).

Authors are permitted to deposit publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), and/or departmental website at any time after publication.

Upon receiving the proofs, the Author(s) agree to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any typographical errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.

The Corresponding author agrees to inform his/her co-authors, of any of the above terms.