Study on wear behaviour characteristics of ZrO2 and ZrN coated AZ91D Mg alloy
Abstract
The as-received AZ91D Mg alloy was coated with ZrO2 and ZrN ceramics using the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. Dry sliding wear investigations were performed in a pin-on-disc wear tester at a sliding velocity of 2-8 m/s and a normal load of 2-10 N. The wear mechanisms such as abrasion, delamination, thermal softening, and oxidation were observed. The results showed that PVD coating increased the wear resistance of AZ91D Mg alloy. The worn surface was examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
References
[1] | Mengqi Cong, Ziquan Li, Jinsong Liu, Shaohua Li Effect of Sr on microstructure, tensile properties and wear behavior of as-cast Mg–6Zn–4Si alloy. Mater. Des.53 (2014) 430-434. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.004 |
[2] | R. Anish, M. Sivapragash, G. Robertsingh, Compressive behaviour of SiC/ncsc reinforced Mg composite processed through powder metallurgy route. Mater. Des. 63(2014) 384-388. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.06.040 |
[3] | D.F. Carrillo, A. Bermudez, M.A. Gómez, A.A. Zuleta, J.G. Castaño, S. Mischler, Fretting-corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P/Ni-P-TiO2 coatings obtained on AZ91D magnesium alloy by a chromium-free process. Surf. Interfaces. 21 (2020)100733. DOI:10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100733 |
[4] | T. Ishizaki, Y. Masuda, K. Teshima, Composite film formed on magnesium alloy AZ31 by chemical conversion from molybdate/phosphate/fluorinate aqueous solution toward corrosion protection. Surf. Coat. Technol., 217 (2013)76-83.DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.11.076 |
[5] | J. Shen, B. Zou, X. Cai, S. Dong, X. Cao, Fabrication and properties of TiB2-TiC reinforced NiAl coatings by reactive plasma spraying on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol., 378 (2019) 125055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125055 |
[6] | M. H. Fini, A. Amadeh, Improvement of wear and corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy by applying Ni–SiC nanocomposite coating via pulse electrode position. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23(10) (2013) 2914-2922. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62814-9 |
[7] | A. J. López, B. Torres, C. Taltavull, J. Rams, Influence of high velocity oxygen-fuel spraying parameters on the wear resistance of Al–SiC composite coatings deposited on ZE41A magnesium alloy. Materials & design. 43 (2013) 144-152. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.062 |
[8] | M. Tacikowski, J. Morgiel, M. Banaszek, K. Cymerman, T. Wierzchon, Structure and properties of diffusive titanium nitride layers produced by hybrid method on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24(9) (2014) 2767-2775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2014.09.006 |
[9] | T. Tański, Surface layers on the Mg-Al-Zn alloys coated using the CVD and PVD methods. J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. 53(2) (2012) 89-96. |
[10] | R. Askarnia, B. Ghasemi, S. R. Fardi, E. Adabifiroozjaei, Improvement of tribological, mechanical and chemical properties of Mg alloy (AZ91D) by electrophoretic deposition of alumina/GO coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 403 (2020)126410. DOI: 10.1016/j.sk410 |
[11] | Y. Mao, Z. Li, K. Feng, X. Guo, Z. Zhou, Y. Wu, Corrosion behavior of carbon film coated magnesium alloy with electroless plating nickel interlayer. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 219 (2015) 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.12.003 |
[12] | A. Sun, X. Sui, H. Li, Q. Wang, Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of zinc–aluminum thermal diffusion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Des., 67 (2015) 280-284. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.11.047 |
[13] | Z. Zhang, P. Lin, L. Ren, Wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy processed by improved laser surface remelting. pt. Lasers Eng., 55 (2014) 237-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.11.014 |
[14] | A. H. Lenin, S. C. Vettivel, T. Raja, L. Belay, S. C. E. Singh, A statistical prediction on wear and friction behavior of ZrC nano particles reinforced with AlSi composites using full factorial design. Surf. Interfaces., 10 (2018) 149-161. DOI:10.1016/j.surfin.2018.01.003 |
[15] | A. Palta, Y. Sun, H. Ahlatci, Effect of copper addition on wear and corrosion behaviours of Mg2Si particle reinforced composites. Mater. Des. 36 (2012) 451-458. |
[16] | P. Emadi, B. Andilab, C. Ravindran, Effects of sonication amplitude on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91E magnesium alloy. J. Magnesium Alloys. 10(12) (2022) 3397-3405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2022.05.019 |
[17] | M. Tacikowski, M. Betiuk, K. Cymerman, M. Pisarek, I. Pokorska, T. Wierzchoń, High performance corrosion and wear resistant composite titanium nitride layers produced on the AZ91D magnesium alloy by a hybrid method. J. Magnes. Alloy., 2(3) (2014) 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2014.09.006 |
[18] | C. Taltavull, A. J. López, B. Torres, J. Rams, Dry sliding wear behaviour of laser surface melting treated AM60B magnesium alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol., 236 (2013) 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.015 |
[19] | B. J. Zheng, X. M. Chen, J. S. Lian, Microstructure and wear property of laser cladding Al+SiC powders on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Opt. Lasers Eng., 48(5) (2010) 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.01.001 |
[20] | A. Zafari, H. M. Ghasemi, R. Mahmudi, An investigation on the tribological behavior of AZ91 and AZ91 + 3 wt% RE magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures. Materials & Design 54 (2014) 544-552. DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.08.073 |
[21] | Y. Purandare, A. Ehiasarian, A. Santana, P. Hovsepian, ZrN coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc techniques. J. Vac. Sci.Technol., 32(3) (2014) 031507. DOI:10.1116/1.4869975 |
[22] | V. M. C. A. Oliveira, A. M. Vazquez, C. Aguiar, A. Robin, M. J .R. Barboza, Protective effect of plasma-assisted PVD deposited coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy in NaCl solutions. Mater. Des., 88 (2015) 1334-1341. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0737 |
[23] | G. R. Singh, S. C. E. Singh, M. Sivapragash, L. Anselm, R. S. Kumar, A. H. Lenin, Tensile and compression behaviour, microstructural characterization on Mg-3Zn-3Sn-0.7Mn alloy reinforced with SiCp prepared through powder metallurgy method. Mater. Res. Express, 7(10) (2020) 106512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abb85a
|
[24] | C. Rajkumar, J .U. Prakash, S. Salunkhe, S. Jayavelu, Mechanical and wear characteristics of duplex stainless steels using Taguchi’s grey relational analysis. Rev. Metal., 57(2) (2021) 192. https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.192 |
[25] | H. Altun, S. Sen, The effect of PVD coatings on the wear behaviour of magnesium alloys. Mater. Charact., 58(10) (2007) 917. doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2006.09.007 |
[26] | M. Sivapragash, P. Kumaradhas, S. C. Vettivel, B. S. J. Retnam, Optimization of PVD process parameter for coating AZ91D magnesium alloy by Taguchi grey approach. J. Magnes. Alloy., 6(2) (2018) 171-179). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2018.02.004 |
[27] | M. Sivapragash, P. Kumaradhas,. B.S.J.Retnam, X. F. Joseph, U.T.S. Pillai, Taguchi based genetic approach for optimizing the PVD process parameter for coating ZrN on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Mater. Des., 90 (2016) 713-722. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.027 |
[28] | G. Stachowiak, A.W. Batchelor, Engineering tribology. Butterworth- Heinemann. (2013). |
[29] | Li Qiankun, Yan Hong, Liu Honghui, Chen Rongshi, Dynamic recrystallization mechanism and near-isotropic mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy sheets rolled at different temperatures. Mater. Charact. (2022) 112259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112259 |
[30] | A.J. López, P. Rodrigo, B.Torres, J. Rams, Dry sliding wear behaviour of ZE41A magnesium alloy. Wear, 271(11-12) (2011) 2836-2844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.05.043 |
[31] | M. Srinivasan, C.Loganathan, M.Kamaraj, Q. B. Nguyen, M. Gupta, R. Narayanasamy, Sliding wear behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy and nano-composite. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22(1) (2012) 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61140-0 |
[32] | C. Taltavull, P. Rodrigo, B. Torres, A.J. Lopez, J. Rams, Dry sliding wear behavior of AM50B magnesium alloy. Mater. Des., 56 (2014) 549-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.015 |
[33] | Q. B. Nguyen, Y. H. M. Sim, M. Gupta, C. Y. H. Lim, Tribology characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ31B and its composites. Tribol. Int., 82 (2015) 464- 471. DOI:10.1016/j.triboint.2014.02.024
|
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The Author(s) warrant that their manuscript is their original work that has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; and that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work was carried out. The Author(s) affirm that the article contains no unfounded or unlawful statements and does not violate the rights of others. The author(s) also affirm that they hold no conflict of interest that may affect the integrity of the Manuscript and the validity of the findings presented in it. The Corresponding author, as the signing author, warrants that he/she has full power to make this grant on behalf of the Author(s). Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA).
Authors are permitted to deposit publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), and/or departmental website at any time after publication.
Upon receiving the proofs, the Author(s) agree to promptly check the proofs carefully, correct any typographical errors, and authorize the publication of the corrected proofs.
The Corresponding author agrees to inform his/her co-authors, of any of the above terms.