Numerical simulation of the casting process of an AZ91D magnesium alloy under a rotating-pulsed combined electromagnetic field
Keywords:
pulsed electromagnetic field, rotating electromagnetic field, magnesium alloy, numerical simulation, combined electromagnetic field
Abstract
Taking an AZ91D magnesium alloy as the research object, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was established and simulated by simulation analysis software. The effects of a rotating electromagnetic field (REMF), a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) and a rotating pulsed electromagnetic field (R-PEMF) on the magnetic field and flow field of a metal melt were studied. The simulation results show that a rotational force is generated on the cross section of the melt during the REMF treatment, and the PEMF causes magnetic pressure on the cross section of the melt. Under the combined action of the two, the Lorentz force parallel to the melt axis increases, and a secondary flow pointing to the core of the melt is generated, which helps to homogenize the melt. By analyzing the solidification structure and elemental distribution of the metal, it was shown that R-PEMF effectively improved the solidification structure and macrosegregation of the Al in the AZ91D magnesium alloy.
References
References
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[33] Du C, Li L, Wu X, et al. Effect of jet nozzle geometry on flow and heat transfer performance of vortex cooling for gas turbine blade leading edge[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 93:1020–1032.
[1] Kubota K, Mabuchi M, Higashi K. Review processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1999, 34:2255–2262.
[2] Ali Y, Qiu D, Jiang B, et al. Current research progress in grain refinement of cast magnesium alloys: A review article[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 619:639–651.
[3] Atrens A, Song G-L, Liu M, et al. Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2015, 17(4):400–453.
[4] Easton M, Beer A, Barnett M, et al. Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures[J]. JOM, 2008, 60(11):57–62.
[5] Kang Z, Li W. Facile and fast fabrication of superhydrophobic surface on magnesium alloy by one-step electrodeposition method[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2017, 50:50–56.
[6] Kulekci M K. Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2008, 39(9):851–865.
[7] La M, Zhou H, Li N, et al. Improved performance of Mg–Y alloy thin film switchable mirrors after coating with a superhydrophobic surface[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 403:23–28.
[8] Dahle A K, Lee Y C, Nave M D, et al. Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium–aluminium alloys[J]. Journal of Light Metals, 2001, 1(1):61–72.
[9] Duan W, Yang Y, Liu W, et al. Modelling the fluid flow, solidification and segregation behavior in electromagnetic DC casting of magnesium alloy[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2022, 115:102460.
[10] Tong X, You G, Wang Y, et al. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on segregation and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–Gd binary alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, 731:44–53.
[11] Tong X, You G, Yao F, et al. Segregation behavior and its regulating process in as-cast magnesium alloy containing heavy rare earth[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2022, 40(8):1291–1304.
[12] Karakulak E. A review: Past, present and future of grain refining of magnesium castings[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2019, 7(3):355–369.
[13] Tzanakis I, Lebon G, Eskin D G, et al. Investigation of the factors influencing cavitation intensity during the ultrasonic treatment of molten aluminium[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 90:979–983.
[14] Park S Y, Kim W J. Enhanced Hot Workability and Post-Hot Deformation Microstructure of the As-Cast Al-Zn-Cu-Mg Alloy Fabricated by Use of a High-Frequency Electromagnetic Casting with Electromagnetic Stirring[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2017, 48(7):3523–3539.
[15] Wang C, Chen A, Zhang L, et al. Preparation of an Mg–Gd–Zn alloy semisolid slurry by low frequency electro-magnetic stirring[J]. Materials & Design, 2015, 84:53–63.
[16] Wei-Min M, Zi-Sheng Z, Hong-Tao C. Microstructures of AZ91D alloy solidified during electromagnetic stirring[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2005, 15(1):p.72-76.
[17] GAO S Y, LE Q C, ZHANG Z Q, et al. Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by electromagnetic stirring under effect of grain-refiner[J]. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2012, 35(4):651–655.
[18] Fu J W, Yang Y S. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn alloy under a low-voltage pulsed magnetic field[J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 67(1):252–255.
[19] Ji H M, Luo T J, Wang C, et al. Direct chill casting of magnesium alloy under pulsed magnetic field[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2017, 33(1):33–39.
[20] Griffiths W D, McCartney D G. The effect of electromagnetic stirring on macrostructure and macrosegregation in the aluminium alloy 7150[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1997, 222(2):140–148.
[21] Zou Q, Han N, Zhang Z, et al. Enhancing segregation behavior of impurity by electromagnetic stirring in the solidification process of Al-30Si alloy[J]. Metals, 2020, 10(1):155.
[22] Guo S, Le Q, Han Y, et al. The effect of the electromagnetic vabration on the microstructure, segregation, and mechanical properties of As-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy billet[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2006, 37(12):3715–3724.
[23] Zhang C, Xu S, Tang W, et al. Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on the Macrosegregation in Magnesium Alloy Ingots[J]. shanghai metals, 2017, 39(5):4.
[24] WANG B, Yang Y-S, MA X, et al. Simulation of electromagnetic-flow fields in Mg melt under pulsed magnetic field[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2010, 20(2):283–288.
[25] Duan W, Yin S, Liu W, et al. Numerical and experimental studies on solidification of AZ80 magnesium alloy under out-of-phase pulsed magnetic field[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, 9(1):166–182.
[26] Dong Q, Zhang J, Liu Q, et al. Magnetohydrodynamic calculation for electromagnetic stirring coupling fluid flow and solidification in continuously cast billets[J]. steel research international, 2017, 88(11):1700067.
[27] Liu H, Xu M, Qiu S, et al. Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in a Round Bloom Mold with In-Mold Rotary Electromagnetic Stirring[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2012, 43(6):1657–1675.
[28] Natarajan T T, El-Kaddah N. Finite element analysis of electromagnetic and fluid flow phenomena in rotary electromagnetic stirring of steel[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2004, 28(1):47–61.
[29] Ren B-Z, Chen D-F, Wang H-D, et al. Numerical simulation of fluid flow and solidification in bloom continuous casting mould with electromagnetic stirring[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2015, 42(6):401–408.
[30] Wang B-X, Chen W, Chen Y, et al. Coupled numerical simulation on electromagnetic field and flow field in the round billet mould with electromagnetic stirring[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2015, 42(1):63–69.
[31] ZHU D, YU D-J, ZHANG Y-H, et al. Flow and Solidification Structure in Metal Melts driven by a Combined Magnetic Field[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022:0.
[32] Yang B, Deng A, Li Y, et al. Numerical simulation of flow and solidification in continuous casting process with mold electromagnetic stirring[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2019, 26(3):219–229.
[33] Du C, Li L, Wu X, et al. Effect of jet nozzle geometry on flow and heat transfer performance of vortex cooling for gas turbine blade leading edge[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 93:1020–1032.
Published
2024/12/05
How to Cite
Liang, Z., Bai, Q., Tian, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., & Lai, H. (2024). Numerical simulation of the casting process of an AZ91D magnesium alloy under a rotating-pulsed combined electromagnetic field. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 60(2), 191-204. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/48328
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