The impact of hot roll temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel, which is used to coat mild steel in seawater environments
Keywords:
SDSS, Mild Steel, Hot Rolling, carburization, decarburization
Abstract
A new material that can be used to replace single steel in high-strength tanks is mild steel cladding Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS). The method of producing multilayer Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) is the cladding of mild steel. Many processes are carried out such as welding Plasma Direct Energy Deposition (DED), laser, and electro-slag strip. In the manufacturing industry, hot rolling is a simple process. Because the procedure is quick and uses inexpensive, traditional equipment, it is referred to as a simple method. The use of seawater was chosen because salty conditions favour corrosion. In this work, the effects of temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1050°C on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot rolled materials are investigated. The investigation of corrosion resistance by examining the microstructure and material properties using metallography, X-ray diffraction, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is the main goal of this work. The results of the study demonstrated that when the hot rolling temperature was increased, carburization and decarburization occurred and the corrosion resistance decreased.
References
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[2] Y. Han et al., “A short review on the role of alloying elements in duplex stainless steels,” Dec. 01, 2023, Springer. doi: 10.1007/s42864-022-00168-z.
[3] A. A. Mudha, H. D. Shashikala, and H. S. Nagaraja, “Corrosion protection of low-cost carbon steel with SS-309Mo and Inconel-625 bimetallic weld overlay,” Mater Res Express, vol. 6, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aafba6.
[4] A. Amudha, H. S. Nagaraja, and H. D. Shashikala, “Finite element analysis of thermal residual stresses in SS-309Mo and Inconel-625 multilayer weld deposition on low carbon steel,” Int J Fatigue, vol. 127, pp. 338–344, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.06.014.
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[6] B. Heider et al., “Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Welded Duplex Stainless Steel Surface Layers on Gray Cast Iron,” Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 825–842, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11666-020-01003-y.
[7] E. Atindra Joshi, S. Parkash, and E. Manoj Kumar, “Study of Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Super Duplex-2594 Weld Overlay on Carbon Steel Substrate by Smaw,” Atindra Joshi Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com, vol. 8, pp. 65–70, 2018, doi: 10.9790/9622-0807016570.
[8] A. Amudha, H. S. Nagaraja, and H. D. Shashikala, “Finite element analysis of thermal residual stresses in SS-309Mo and Inconel-625 multilayer weld deposition on low carbon steel,” Int J Fatigue, vol. 127, pp. 338–344, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.06.014.
[9] S. Yang, K. Cooke, H. Sun, X. Li, K. Lin, and H. Dong, “Development of advanced duplex surface systems by combining CrAlN multilayer coatings with plasma nitrided steel substrates,” Surf Coat Technol, vol. 236, pp. 2–7, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.07.017.
[10] C. P. Paul, H. Alemohammad, E. Toyserkani, A. Khajepour, and S. Corbin, “Cladding of WC-12 Co on low carbon steel using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 464, no. 1–2, pp. 170–176, Aug. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.132.
[11] K. T. Laitinen, H. Korhonen, J. T. T. Leskinen, A. Koistinen, and R. Lappalainen, “Improved multilayer coatings by combined use of electrochemical and ultra-short pulsed laser deposition techniques,” Surf Coat Technol, vol. 300, pp. 58–66, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.05.031.
[12] P. Murkute, S. Pasebani, and O. Burkan Isgor, “Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion,” Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67249-2.
[13] J. Liu, H. Liu, X. Tian, H. Yang, and J. Hao, “Microstructural evolution and corrosion properties of Ni-based alloy coatings fabricated by multi-layer laser cladding on cast iron,” J Alloys Compd, vol. 822, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153708.
[14] H. Arora, H. Singhbedi, and M. Bansal, “Microstructure, Mechanical Properties & Corrosion Behavior of Duplex 2209 in Electro-Slag Strip Cladding over low carbon steel substrate: a Review Paper,” 2015. [Online]. Available: www.voestalpine.com/welding
[15] T. Gao, J. Wang, Q. Sun, and P. Han, “Corrosion behavior difference in initial period for hot-rolled and cold-rolled 2205 duplex stainless steels,” Metals (Basel), vol. 8, no. 6, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.3390/met8060407.
[16] A. A. Mudha, H. D. Shashikala, and H. S. Nagaraja, “Corrosion protection of low-cost carbon steel with SS-309Mo and Inconel-625 bimetallic weld overlay,” Mater Res Express, vol. 6, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aafba6.
[17] M. H. E. Seshweni, A. Moloto, S. Aribo, S. R. Oke, O. O. Ige, and P. A. Olubambi, “Influence of cold and hot rolling on the corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steels in mine water environment,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, 2019, pp. 912–915. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.323.
[18] M. Herrmann, C. Schenck, H. Leopold, and B. Kuhfuss, “Material improvement of mild steel S355J2C by hot rotary swaging,” in Procedia Manufacturing, Elsevier B.V., 2020, pp. 282–287. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.224.
[19] G. Yuan, P. Han, X. Zhu, Z. Jiang, and X. Wang, “Fabrication of a Composite Material of High-Chromium Cast Iron Dispersed in Low-Carbon Steel by Hot-Rolling Process,” Steel Res Int, vol. 92, no. 8, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1002/srin.202100001.
[20] B. Heider et al., “Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Welded Duplex Stainless Steel Surface Layers on Gray Cast Iron,” Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 825–842, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11666-020-01003-y.
[21] Y. Han, J. Shi, L. Xu, W. Q. Cao, and H. Dong, “Effect of hot rolling temperature on grain size and precipitation hardening in a Ti-microalloyed low-carbon martensitic steel,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 553, pp. 192–199, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.015.
[22] “Designation: A213/A213M − 13 Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes 1”, doi: 10.1520/A0213_A0213M-13.
[23] E. M. Cojocaru, D. Raducanu, A. Nocivin, and V. D. Cojocaru, “Influence of ageing treatment temperature and duration on σ-phase precipitation and mechanical properties of UNS S32750 SDSS alloy,” J Adv Res, vol. 30, pp. 53–61, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.005.
[24] K. O. Cooke and A. M. Atieh, “Current trends in dissimilar diffusion bonding of titanium alloys to stainless steels, aluminium and magnesium,” Jun. 01, 2020, MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi: 10.3390/jmmp4020039.
[25] Y. Yang, Z. Jiang, X. Liu, J. Sun, and W. Wang, “Enhanced interfacial strength and ductility of stainless steel/carbon steel laminated composite by heterogenous lamella structure,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 18, pp. 4846–4858, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.057.
[26] Y. Yang, Z. Jiang, Y. Chen, X. Liu, J. Sun, and W. Wang, “Interfacial microstructure and strengthening mechanism of stainless steel/carbon steel laminated composite fabricated by liquid-solid bonding and hot rolling,” Mater Charact, vol. 191, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112122.
[27] F. Xiao, D. Wang, Z. Gao, and L. Zhou, “Effect of heating process on microstructure and properties of 2205/Q235B composite interface,” Metals (Basel), vol. 9, no. 10, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.3390/met9101027.
[28] K. T. Moore, D. E. Laughlin, P. Söderlind, and A. J. Schwartz, “Incorporating anisotropic electronic structure in crystallographic determination of complex metals: Iron and plutonium,” Philosophical Magazine, vol. 87, no. 17, pp. 2571–2588, 2007, doi: 10.1080/14786430701241697.
[29] U. Dey, N. Mitra, and A. Taraphder, “High temperature–high pressure phase transformation of Cu,” Comput Mater Sci, vol. 170, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109154.
[30] Y. Z. Yang, Y. M. Jiang, and J. Li, “In situ investigation of crevice corrosion on UNS S32101 duplex stainless steel in sodium chloride solution,” Corros Sci, vol. 76, pp. 163–169, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.06.039.
[31] C. Torres, R. Johnsen, and M. Iannuzzi, “Crevice corrosion of solution annealed 25Cr duplex stainless steels: Effect of W on critical temperatures,” Corros Sci, vol. 178, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109053.
[32] M. Abdelbar and A. M. El-Shamy, “Understanding soil factors in corrosion and conservation of buried bronze statuettes: insights for preservation strategies,” Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69490-5.
[33] J. Akpoborie, O. S. I. Fayomi, O. Agboola, O. D. Samuel, B. U. Oreko, and A. A. Ayoola, “Electrochemical Corrosion Phenomenon and Prospect of Materials Selection in Curtailing the Challenges,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 1107, no. 1, p. 012072, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012072.
[34] M. S. Anwar, T. B. Romijarso, and E. Mabruri, “Pitting resistance of the modified 13Cr martensitic stainless steel in chloride solution,” Int J Electrochem Sci, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1515–1526, 2018, doi: 10.20964/2018.02.13.
[35] V. Encinas-Sánchez, M. T. de Miguel, M. I. Lasanta, G. García-Martín, and F. J. Pérez, “Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): An efficient technique for monitoring corrosion processes in molten salt environments in CSP applications,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 191, pp. 157–163, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.007.
[36] M. Swayne, G. Perumal, D. B. Padmanaban, D. Mariotti, and D. Brabazon, “Exploring the impact of laser surface oxidation parameters on surface chemistry and corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel,” Applied Surface Science Advances, vol. 22, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100622.
Published
2025/07/31
How to Cite
naffat, lusiana, Anwar, M., Paristiawan, P. A., Syahid, A. N., Hakim, R. N., Lestari, Y., Perkasa, M., & Prijono, K. (2025). The impact of hot roll temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel, which is used to coat mild steel in seawater environments. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 61(1), 1-9. Retrieved from https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/jmm/article/view/53745
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