Plasma D-dimer and Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 in Evaluating the Occurrence of Venous Thromboembolism in Advanced Cancer Patients and the Effect of Preventive Anticoagulant Therapy
D-dimer and Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 in Evaluating the Occurrence of Venous Thromboembolism
Abstract
Introduction: This article aimed to investigate the value of D-dimer (DD) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2) in evaluating the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in advanced cancer patients and the effect of preventive anticoagulant therapy.
Method and Material: 137 advanced cancer patients who were hospitalized in The 908th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force Hospital from February 2023 to June 2024 were recruited. They were divided into VTE group (n=49) and non-VTE group (n=88) according to whether VTE occurred. Blood routine test was performed on admission, and the relationship between DD and PF1+2 and VTE was analyzed. The role of DD and PF1+2 as risk assessment indicators for VTE was evaluated. The subjects without VTE were divided into preventive anticoagulant treatment group (AG, n=48) and conventional anticoagulant treatment group (RT, n=40) according to their will. The probability of VTE in the two groups after treatment was counted to verify the effect of preventive anticoagulant intervention.
Result: Before chemotherapy for advanced cancer, DD was higher in the subjects with VTE as against subjects without VTE. DD and PF1+2 after chemotherapy are independent risk factors for VTE. The effect of VTET was different, while other treatments had no distinction. The incidence of VTE in RT group was higher as against AG group, the distinction had statistical meaning. Conclusion: DD and PF1+2 can be used as indicators to evaluate the risk of VTE in advanced
References
Chen, B., 2019. The predictive value of TAT - Ⅲ and F1+2 for VTE after early pancreatic cancer surgery. Mod. Digestion Interven. Diagn. Treat., 24(08): 861-866+871. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-2159.2019.08.010
Chen, Q., Luo, J., Yang, X., Chen, W., Liu, W. and Song, Z., 2023. Biomarkers of autologous whole blood injection efficacy in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria with autoreactivity: a preliminary study. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 185(2):190-195. https://doi.org/10.1159/000534662.
Elkbuli, A., Patel, H., Breeding, T., Nasef, H., Chin, B., Wright, D., Zito, T., Poulin Stephen, R. and RhodesLyons, H.X., 2023. Racial distribution and associated outcomes for patients with and without severe-isolated traumatic brain injuries following venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Am. Sur., 90(5):969-977. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348231220584.
Feng, L., Xing, H. and Zhang, K., 2022. The therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in depression: Targeting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Phytomedicine, 98153980-153980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153980
Gu, S., Chen, Y., Lei, M., Li, J., Li, W., Zhang, M., Zhu, H., Ma, M., Kong, D. and Gao, Y., 2023. Effect of different application duration of a venous foot pump on prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty: a multicenter prospective clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 24(1): 931-931. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06921-w
He, L. and Wang, Y., 2012. The relationship between portal vein pressure and portal vein thrombosis after portal hypertension disconnection surgery. Chin. Med. Innovat., 9(10): 121
Jones, D.H., Lin, B., Brabham, D. and Trinidad, B., 2023. Removal of an infected pulmonary artery fibroelastoma disguised as a presentation of pulmonary embolism using a percutaneous suction thrombectomy device. J. Vascular Surg. Cases Innov. Tech., 9(4): 101346-101346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvscit.2023.101346
Li, D., 2023. Perioperative management of invasive procedures in tumor patients using antithrombotic drugs or with concomitant thrombocytopenia: interpretation of the guidelines of the scientific and standardization committee of the international society for thrombosis and hemostasis. Chin. J. Thromb. Hemostasis, 29(01): 1-4.
Li, Y. and Zhang, M., 2023. Explore the detail care and ankle pump movement on the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis for spinal tumor patients. Clin. Res., 31(10): 177-180. https://doi.org/10.12385/j.issn.2096-1278(2023)10-0177-04
Lou, N., Cai, W. and Ye, G., 2023. Risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. J. Wenzhou Med. Univ., 53(11): 905-910+916.
Luo, T. and Zeng, M., 2023. Analysis of predictive value of obstetric VTE risk factors combined with D-dimer for pulmonary embolism in postoperative hypoxic patients undergoing cesarean section. Mod. Obstet. Gynecol. Progr., 32(11): 836-839. https://doi.org/10.13283/j.cnki.xdfckjz.2023.11.007
Luo, Y., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y. and Zhou, D., 2023. Clinical study of low molecular weight heparin sodium combined with air wave pressure in preventing thrombotic adverse events after cesarean section in high-risk pregnant women with thrombosis. Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39(21): 3063-3066. https://doi.org/10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2023.21.005
Michel, Z., Anna, G. Lopes, R.D., Wojdyla, D.M., Christersson, C., Siegbahn, A., De Caterina, R., Steg, P.G., Granger, C.B., Wallentin, L., Alexander, J.H. and ARISTOTLE Investigators, 2020. Clinical and pharmacological effects of apixaban dose adjustment in the ARISTOTLE trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 75(10): 1145-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.060
Momenzadeh, K., Yeritsyan, D., Mortensen, S., Kheir, N., Khak, M., Caro, D., Kahe, F., Abbasian, M., Mo, C., McNichol, M., Paschos, N. and Nazarian, A., 2024. While the incidence of venous thromboembolism after shoulder arthroscopy is low, the risk factors are a body mass index greater than 30 and hypertension. Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil., 6(1): 100815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2023.100815
Nze, O.A., Ngaleu, S.B.F., Mimouni, M., Mezaour, N., Darlington, M., Berard, L., Cachanado, M., Simon, T., Freund, Y. and Durand, Z.I., 2023. Cost-effectiveness of modified diagnostic strategy to safely rule-out pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a non-inferiority cluster crossover randomized trial (MODIGLIA-NI). BMC Emerg. Med., 23(1): 140-140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00910-x
Peng, Y., Peng, H. and Ke, W., 2023. Influence mechanism of osteopontin on renal injury in patients with hereditary hypercalcemia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 69(5): 58-62. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2023.69.5.10
Rajendram, R., Hussain, A., Mahmood, N. and Kharal, M., 2023. Correction: feasibility of using a handheld ultrasound device to detect and characterize shunt and deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19: an observational study. Ultrasound J., 15(1): 44-44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13089-023-00342-5
Sun, M., Jiang, Y. and Tian, W., 2019. Dynamic changes of plasma F (1+2) and D-dimer during intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute mild cerebral infarction. J. Prev. Med. People's Liberation Army, 37(07): 110-111.
Swaminathan, S., Haribabu, J., Balakrishnan, N., Vasanthakumar, P. and Karvembu, R., 2022. Piano stool Ru(II)-arene complexes having three monodentate legs: A comprehensive review on their development as anticancer therapeutics over the past decade. Coord. Chem. Rev., 459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214403
Vahtera, A., Szanto, T., Lassila, R., Valkonen, M., Sivula, M., Huhtala, H., Pettilä, V. and Kuitunen, A., 2020. Continuous intravenous infusion of enoxaparin controls thrombin formation more than standard subcutaneous administration in critically ill patients. A sub-study of the ENOKSI thromboprophylaxis RCT. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 65(1):109-115.
Wang, Y., Tang, H., Wei, L., Meng, G., Yang, K., Jiao, Y., Li, W. and Qin, J., 2022. Synthesis and performance study of a novel multifunctional cationic organic iridium (III) complex. J. Yunnan Univ. National. (Natural Science Edition), 31(06): 638-643.
Wu, C., Zhang, J. and Li, Y., 2023. Evaluation value of red blood cell distribution width, international standardized ratio, and fibrinogen in endoscopic intervention for acute non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J. Mol. Diagn. Treat., 15(11): 1986-1989+1998. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6929.2023.11.033
Xu, H., Liu, Y., Yao, J., Yao, J., Chen, M., Qiu, T. and Xu, D., 2023. Comparison of the predictive effects of three scales on the risk of symptomatic PICC related thrombosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J. Nurs., 30(11): 59-64. https://doi.org/10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2023.11.059
Xu, Y. and Mao, J., 2022. The effect of rehabilitation exercise nursing on coronary thrombosis and lipid metabolism disorders in patients after coronary stent implantation. Dial. Artif. Organs, 33(02): 109-112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0809.2022.02.032
Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Jiao, X., Liu, J., Wang, W., Kuang, T., Gong, J., Li, J. and Yang, Y., 2023. Padua prediction score may be inappropriate for VTE risk assessment in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory conditions: A Chinese single-center cohort study. Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc., 49: 101301-101301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101301
Zhou, Y., Li, Z. and Wang, J., 2023. Associations of serum levels of CTRP-3,D-dimer,and sTREM2 and relevant clinical features with HT after thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Chin. J. Mod. Med., 33 (24): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2023.24.011
Zhou, Y., Li, Z. and Wang, J., 2023. The relationship between serum levels of CTRP-3, D-dimer, sTREM2, and related clinical features with hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Chin. J. Mod. Med., 33(24): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2023.24.011
Copyright (c) 2025 Huiying Fu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided and it is indicated if changes were made. Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Journal of Medical Biochemistry and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.