RAZGRADIVI AMBALAŽNI MATERIJALI – IZVORI, PRIMENA I NAČINI RAZGRADNJE
Sažetak
U današnje vreme mnogi reciklabilni i biorazgradivi materijali su dostupni, kao alternativa primeni polimernih materijala. Papir i karton se mogu ponovo koristiti, mogu se reciklirati i biorazgraditi. Biorazgradivi polieten je takođe biorazgradiv zbog dodatka aditiva tokom proizvodnje polietena. Dodatak aditiva dovodi do toga da se polietilen raspada na CO2, H2O, biomasu i minerale kada se nalazi na deponiji. Biorazgradiva plastika izrađena je od obnovljive biomase, odnosno može se dobiti iz nekoliko izvora: 1) polimeri ekstrahovani/izolovani direktno iz biomase; 2) proizvodnjom monomera na biološkoj osnovi i njihovom daljom polimerizacijom; 3) polimeri dobijeni direkno iz prirodnih ili genetički modifikovanih organizama. Svi dobijeni biopolimeri se sintetišu u relativno energetski efikasnom procesu, a osim toga nisu toksični za prirodno okruženje ili ljude.
Načini razgradnje razgradivih ambalažnih materijala ogledaju se u degradaciji za čiju realizaciju je potreban fizičko-hemijski stimulus i biodegradaciji za koju su odgovorni mikroorganizmi. Globalno tržište biorazgradive plastike procijenjeno je na 1,6 milijardi dolara 2019. godine, a očekuje se da će dostići 4,2 milijarde dolara do 2027. godine. Neki od ključnih faktora koji pokreću potražnju na tržištu biorazgradivih materijala uključuju nacionalne inicijative za uklanjanje plastike za jednokratnu upotrebu i propisi protiv upotrebe konvencionalnih proizvoda od plastike. Najveći segment primene biorazgradivih materijala je u oblasti ambalaže i pakovanja sa tržišnim udelom većim od 60%. U ovom radu će biti predstavljeni neki primeri razgradive ambalaže koja postoji na tržištu.
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