PREDTRETMAN LIGNOCELULOZNE BIOMASE POMOĆU AUTOHTONIH GLJIVA SRBIJE
Sažetak
Predtretman gljivama se poslednjih godina intenzivno istražuje za biološku razgradnjulignoceluloze zbog prisustva enzima sposobnih da raskinu inter- i intrapolimerne veze u ovom supstratu i tako oslobode fermentabilne šećere. U ovom istraživanju su izolovane autohtone lignocelulolitičke gljive Srbije među kojima su odabrani i identifikovani izolati koji bi se mogli primenjivati u predtretmanu otpadne lignocelulozne biomase. Među 12 uspešno izolovanih gljiva, visokom ligninolitičkom aktivnošću su se istakli izolati identifikovani kao Trametes hirsuta F13 i Stereum gausapatum F28, dok je izolat identifikovan kao Myrmaecium fulvopruinatum F14 ispoljio visoku hidrolitičku aktivnost, ali zanemarljivu ligninolitičku aktivnost zbog čega nije razmatran kao potencijalni kandidat za primenu u predtretmanu, ali jeste razmatran kao proizvođač industrijski važnih hidrolitičkih enzima.
U daljem radu ispitan je potencijal razgradnje lignoceluloznog otpada – piljevine bukve – pomoću T. hirsuta F13 i S. gausapatum F28. Oba izolata su efikasno razgradila biomasu, ali je T. hirsuta F13 ispoljio veću selektivnost (koeficijent selektivnosti 1,7) nego izolat S. gausapatum F28 (1,1) – brže razgradio lignin nego celulozu – pa se smatra boljim kandidatom za predtretman. Kako je bitno da predtretman bude ekonomičan, za unapređenje je korišćena melasna džibra, otpad iz industrije alkohola. Dodatak melasne džibre je skratio vreme predtretmana i unapredio selektivnost razgranje lignocelulozne biomase izolatom T. hirsuta F13 – nakon 18 dana koeficijen selektivnosti je bio 1,9 u prisustvu melasne džibre i 1,7 u odsustvu melasne džibre.
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