Uticaj tretmana netermalnom plazmom na kristaliničnost celuloze i sadržaj lignina u kukuruznoj stabljici
Sažetak
Lignocelulozna biomasa predstavlja jeftinu sirovinu koja se može koristiti u fermentacionim procesima za dobijanje biogoriva, biogasa i drugih jedinjenja, zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju ugljenih hidrata. Složena struktura, koja uključuje celulozu, hemicelulozu i lignin, zahteva prethodni tretman biomase kojim se olakšava hidroliza do prostih šećera. Danas se biomasa samo delimično eksploatiše i generiše oko 14% energije na svetskom nivou. To je prevashodno zbog male održivosti najčešće korišćenih fizičkih, hemijskih i fizičko-hemijskih tretmana. Ovi procesi troše veliku količinu energije, imaju malu produktivnost, a toksični sporedni proizvodi koji nastaju tokom tretmana mogu ometati kasnije korake fermentacije.
Tretman biomase naprednim oksidacionim procesima ima veliki potencijal kao ekološki prihvatljiv, tzv. „zeleni“ tretman. Tokom ovog procesa dolazi do stvaranja reaktivnih vrsta (radikala, elektrona, jona i peroksida), koje napadaju celulozu, hemicelulozu i lignin. U ovom radu upoređeni su efekti tretmana kukuruzne stabljike netermalnom plazmom, Fentonovim reagensom i kombinovanog tretmana netermalnom plazmom/Fenton reagensom. Samlevena biomasa kukuruzne stabljike pomešana je sa Fentonovim reagensom i vodonik peroksidom u različitim odnosima, a zatim je podvrgnuta tretmanu netermalnom plazmom. Sadržaj celuloze i hemiceluloze je značajno smanjen u uzorcima tretiranim netermalnom plazmom i u prisustvu i u odsustvu Fe2+. Ipak, najveći stepen redukcije lignoceluloze je postignut pri određenom odnosu biomasa:Fe2+:vodonik peroksid. Primenjeni tretmani su uticali i na hemiceluloznu frakciju, ostavljajući indeks kristaliničnosti celuloze skoro nepromenjenim. Niži sadržaj lignina i manji indeks kristaliničnosti celuloze omogućavaju efikasniju enzimsku hidrolizu tretirane lignoceluloze i nove načine za valorizaciju u fermentacionim procesima.
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