PRIMENA PROCENE ŽIVOTNOG CIKLUSA U SEKTORU AMBALAŽE ZA POLIMERNE I BIOPOLIMERNE MATERIJALE – PREGLED
Sažetak
Među mnogim važnim zahtevima koje moraju ispunjavati ambalažni materijali, ekološka prihvatljivost je svojstvo koje je postalo neophodno za svaki materijal koji treba da bude konkurentan na tržištu. Analiza životnog ciklusa (LCA) je analitički instrument koji obezbeđuje okvir za analizu uticaja proizvoda i usluga na životnu sredinu, odnosno pruža razumevanje i mogućnost poređenja različitih proizvoda. LCA proučava korišćenje resursa i posledice emisija zagađujućih materija po životnu sredinu tokom celokupnog životnog veka proizvoda od eksploatacije sirovina, preko proizvodnje, upotrebe i postupanja na kraju životnog ciklusa, odnosno recikliranja i konačnog odlaganja. Ovaj rad se bavi prikazom rezultata LCA analiza različitih komercijalnih polimernih ambalažnih materijala, kao i rezultata LCA analiza biopolimernih materijala. Iako se LCA suočava sa problemom heterogenosti podataka, jer se neke studije fokusiraju na pojedinačne segmente, a neke se odnose na sve aspekte procesa, kao i sa problemom interpretacije heterogenih rezultata, jer izlazne parametre proizvoljno bira istraživač, ipak se može zaključiti da dostupne LCA studije i ekološke procene podržavaju dalji razvoj biopolimernih polimera. Kada se uporede biopolimerni materijali sa komercijalnim sintetičkim polimerima, oni imaju prednosti – manju potrošnju fosilnih goriva i nižu stopu emisije gasova staklene bašte iz celog životnog ciklusa.
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