EXTRACTION KINETICS MODELING OF AMARANTH SEED OIL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
Abstract
Ulja biljnog porekla danas privlače pažnju širom sveta zbog nutritivnog kvaliteta i zdravstvenih dobrobiti. Seme amaranta sadrži ulje sa važnim hranljivim svojstvima, posebno zbog prisustva esencijalnih masnih kiselina, visokog sadržaja minerala, vitamina, lizina i skvalena. Skvalen, nezasićeni triterpenski ugljovodonik, često se koristi kao sastojak funkcionalne hrane, dodatak ishrani ili potencijalni lek. U poređenju sa ostalim tehnikama ekstrakcije ulja, ekstrakcija superkritičnim fluidima nudi brojne prednosti, kao što su netoksičnost rastvarača, očuvanje životne sredine i ekstrakcija na relativno niskim temperaturama. U radu je proučena kinetika superkritične ekstrakcije ulja iz tri sorte semena amaranta. Ekstrakcija ulja je izvedena pri procesnim uslovima: pritisak od 300 bara, temperatura 40 °C i protok CO2 0,194 kg/h. U cilju proučavanja dinamike procesa ekstrakcije, vremenske sekvence ekstrakcije su postavljene na 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 i 180 min, s obzirom da je prinos dostigao ravnotežu nakon 3h za svaki od postupaka ekstrakcije. Prosečan sadržaj ulja u semenu amaranta iznosio je 58,2 g/kg, u rasponu od 54,6 do 61,1 g/kg u zavisnosti od sorte, a sadržaj skvalena kretao od 3,3 do 3,8 g/kg sa prosečnim sadržajem 3,5 g/kg. Glavni cilj rada je bio proučavanje kinetičkih aspekata superkritične ekstrakcije ulja modelovanjem krivih ekstrakcije. Za kinetičko modelovanje ekstrakcije uspešno je korišćeno pet empirijskih kinetičkih modela. Prema odgovarajućim statističkim karakteristikama (kao što su zbir kvadrata grešaka, koeficijent determinacije i prosečno apsolutno relativno odstupanje), empirijski modeli su pokazali dobro slaganje sa eksperimentalnim podacima. Matematičko modelovanje ekstrakcije ulja je značajno sa aspekta predviđanja odvijanja procesa, a takođe proširuje mogućnosti izvođenja postupka na industrijskom nivou.
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