EKSTRAKCIJA SPOREDNIH PROIZVODA PRERADE BILJNIH ČAJEVA POTPOMOGNUTA GASNOM PLAZMOM
Sažetak
Antioksidansi imaju važnu ulogu u sprečavanju oksidacije masnih kiselina prisutnih u prehrambenim proizvodima, čime značajno produžavaju njihov rok trajanja. Zbog nepovoljnog uticaja pojedinih sintetskih antioksidanasa na zdravlje ljudi, sve je češća upotreba antioksidanasa dobijenih iz prirodnih izvora. Antioksidansi se iz biljnih izvora izoluju ekstrakcijom. Tradicionalne metode ekstrakcije podrazumevaju upotrebu polarnih rastvarača, uz primenu visokih temperatura. Ovi procesi su često energetski nepovoljni, dugo traju i zahtevaju dodatne korake prečišćavanja, kako bi se uklonili toksični rastvarači. Izolovanje biološki aktivnih jedinjenja primenom ekstrakcije potpomognute gasnom netermalnom plazmom bi moglo da poveća održivost ovog procesa. Osim toga, kombinacijom zelenih rastvarača, poput vode, sa tretmanom plazmom, dobijanje prirodnih antioksidanasa bi bilo u skladu sa tzv. „hardl“ tehnologijom i principima cirkularne ekonomije, kojima se teži u prehrambenoj industriji. Predmet ovog rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti dobijanja prirodnih antioksidanasa kombinovanom ekstrakcijom nusproizvoda proizvodnje biljnih čajeva. Vodeni ekstrakti koprive, svilovine i kantariona tretirani su plazmom u različitim vremenskim intervalima. Analizirana je antioksidativna aktivnost dobijenih ekstrakata, kao i ukupni sadržaj fenola. Takođe, ispitivana je i mogućnost upotrebe ovih ekstrakata kao fermentacionog medijuma. Najveća antioksidativna aktivnost i najviši sadržaj ukupnih fenola ostvareni su u ekstraktima svilovine. Ove vrednosti su blago opadale sa povećanjem dužine tretmana plazmom, dok je rast bakterija bio poboljšan. Ekstrakti koprive su posedovali značajno manju antioksidativnu aktivnost i niži sadržaj ukupnih fenola od ekstrakata svilovine. Međutim, ovi ekstrakti su bili pogodniji za gajenje bakterija. Dodavanjem 25% MRS bujona u ekstrakte koprive, postignut je približno isti rast Ligilactobacillus salivarius kao u čistom MRS bujonu.
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