EFEKAT ŠELAK SMOLE NA OSOBINE ZEINSKOG FILMA
Sažetak
Značaj biopolimernih materijala, u kontekstu redukcije otpada, zaostalog nakon upotrebe konvencionalne ambalaže, uz upotrebu obnovljivih sirovina za njihovo dobijanje opravdava intenzivna istraživanja prirodne, razgradive ambalaže. Zein je hidrofoban protein koji se nalazi u kukuruzu i u ovom radu sintetisani su i okarakterisani filmovi na bazi zeina. Velika mana biopolimernih filmova je njihova propustljivost vodene pare i gasova. Visoka hidrofobnost lipidnih komponenata u vidu voska, ulja, smola, koja ih čini nerastvorljivim u vodi, a rastvorljivim u tipičnim organskim rastvaračima, objašnjava zašto su voskovi najefikasnije prepreke za transfer vodene pare. Zbog toga je zeinskim filmovima dodata šelak smola. Šelak je dodat na dva načina: (1) laminacijom na postojeći suv zeinski film (L uzorci), (2) dodatkom šelak alkoholnog rastvora prilikom sinteze zeinskog filma u odnosu 50-50 postupkom razlivanja (M uzorci). Zeinski filmovi bez dodatka šelaka su označeni kao kontrolni uzorci. Svim grupama uzoraka ispitane su fizičko-hemijske (debljina, sadržaj vlage), mehaničke (zatezna jačina i izduženje pri kidanju) i barijerne karakteristike (propustljivost vodene pare). Dobijeni filmovi su transparentni, sjajni, svetlo žute (kontrola) do oker boje (uzorci sa dodatkom šelaka), fleksibilni, nelepljivi. Rezultati su pokazali značajno veće vrednosti izduženja pri kidanju kod uzoraka kojima je dodat šelak. Ove vrednosti su veče kod laminiranih uzoraka. Takođe, konstatovane su značajno manje vrednosti propustljivosti vodene pare 10,04 g/(m2·h) kod L uzoraka, 18.41 g/(m2·h) kod M uzoraka, u odnosu na kontrolni zeinski film (40.33 g/(m2·h)), što ujedno predstavlja i najveći doprinos ovog rada. Optimizacija postupka proizvodnje, ali i osobina dobijenih biopolimernih filmova direktno utiče na proširivanje pravca njihove primene.
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