PRODUCTION AND ISOLATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MYCELIA OF NATURAL ISOLATES OF HIGHER FUNGI
PRODUCTION AND ISOLATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MYCELIA OF NATURAL ISOLATES OF HIGHER FUNGI
Sažetak
Tradicionalna upotreba viših gljiva u medicini i ishrani u velikoj meri se pripisuje njihovom bogatom sadržaju polisaharida. Ovo istraživanje bavi se ispitivanjem potencijala četiri nova izolata viših gljiva - Ganoderma resinaceum NMKSS, Bjerkandera adusta TMF1, Fomes fomentarius TMF2 i Ganoderma sp. - da proizvode intracelularne (IPS) i ekstracelularne polisaharide (EPS) tokom submerzne fermentacije u podlozi sa glukozom kao izvorom ugljenika. Polisaharidi su ekstrahovani iz osušene micelijske biomase (IPS), odnosno fermentisanog bujona (EPS) i kvantifikovani pomoću fenol-sumporne metode. Početni skrining je pokazao da se prinosi EPS kreću od 0,1 do 0,759 mg/ml, a prinosi IPS između 0,5 i 113,3 mg/g suve biomase. Izolati,B. adusta TMF1 i F. fomentarius TMF2 pokazali značajno veću proizvodnju polisaharide i odabrani su za dalji rad. U narednom koraku, procenjen je uticaj organskih izvora azota na prinos polisaharida. Suplementacija peptonom kao jedinim izvorom azota najviše je uticala na povećanje proizvodnje i EPS i IPS. F. fomentarius TMF2 je postigao najveći prinos EPS-a od 0,84 mg/ml. Nasuprot tome, B. adusta TMF1 dala je maksimalni prinos IPS-a od 134,12 mg/g suve biomase. Ekstrakt kvasca je favorizovao akumulaciju biomase, ali je bio manje efikasan u stimulisanju sinteze polisaharida. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da sastav izvora azotaima uticaja na ravnotežu između rasta biomase gljiva i proizvodnje polisaharida. Potrebna su dalja istraživanja kako bi se optimizovali uslovi gajenja i u potpunosti iskoristio biotehnološki potencijal ovih izolata za primenu u proizvodnji polisaharide i potencijalno u prehrambenoj i farmaceutskoj industriji.
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