THE INFLUENCE OF TOPICAL HYPOTENSIVE DRUGS ON THE REDUCTION OF THE DECREASE OF VISUAL FIELD SENSITIVITY DUE TO OPTIC NERVE HEAD DRUSEN – CASE REPORT
CASE REPORT
Keywords:
optic nerve head (ONH) drusen, visual field, scotoma, hypotensive drug
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Optic nerve head drusen are congenital anomaly of the optic nerve, a form of calcium degeneration of axons of the optic nerve head. Initially asymptomatic, drusen may be one of the causes of progressive optic neuropathy. Clinicaly presented as acellular, hyaline deposits of globular appearance in prelaminar segment of the optic nerve head. Occurence due to: altered axonal transport, small diameter of scleral channel, compression and ischemia. Frequent complications are progressive visual field defects, ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery or vein occlusion, peripapilar neovascularization. Diagnostic tools: ophthalmoscopy, angiography, computerized perimetry, B-scan ultrasonography, CT, OCT, HRT, GDx, electrophysiological testing. Treatment is medicamentous, laser, surgery. Most of the pilot study confirms benefit of topical hypotensive drugs even when drusen are not associated with glaucoma. Decrease of intraocular pressure reduces compression of the optic nerve axons and improves reperfusion. This paper presents a young patient with bilateral optic nerve head drusen, progressive scotoma and administered topical hypotensive medication. After six months, scotoma and loss of sensitivity were reduced. The effect of neuroprotective drugs is researched to reduce potential morbidity.
Key words: optic nerve head (ONH) drusen, visual field, scotoma, hypotensive drug
References
Literatura:
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2. Schargus M, Gramer E. Optic disc drusen. Ophthalmologe. 2008 Jul;105(7): 693-710.
3. Auw-Haedrich C, Staubach F, Witschel H. Optic disk drusen. Surv Ophthalmol. 2002 Nov-Dec;47(6):515-32.
4. Czajor K, Misiuk-Hojło M. Heidelberg Edge Perimetry in optic nerve drusen – a case report. MEDtube Science Mar, 2014; Vol.II (1)
5. Ubhi P, Shechtman D, Green K. Discern Optic Nerve Head Drusen from True Papilledema. Review of Optometry. Dec. 15, 2015.
6. Friedman AH, Henkind P, Gartner S. Drusen of the optic disc. A histopathological study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. April 1975. 95 (1): 4–9.7. Chang MY, Pineles SL. Optic disk drusen in children. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Nov - Dec;61(6):745-758.
8. Gay D, Boyer S.Two differing presentations of optic nerve head drusen. Optometry. 2001. Sep;72(9): 588-96.
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11. Grippo TM, Rogers SW, Tsai JC. Optic Disc Drusen. Glaucoma Today. Jan/Feb 2012.
12. Gaillard F. Optic Disc Drusen. Available from: http:// radiopaedia.org. 2005-2017.
13. Aumiller MS. Optic disc drusen: complications and manage¬ment. Optometry. 2007; 78(1):10–16.
14. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Guggenmoos Holzmann I, Naumann GO. Pseudopapilledema associated with abnormally small optic discs. Acta Ophthalmol. 1988;66(2):190-193.
15. GrippoTM, Shihadeh WA, Schargus M, Gramer E, Tello C et all. Optic Nerve Head Drusen and Visual Field Loss in Normotensive and Hypertensive Eyes. J Glaucoma 2008;17:100–104.
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17. Gossman MV. Pseudopapilledema. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com. Oct, 2015.
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19. Delyfer MN, Rougier MB, Fourmaux E, Cousin P, Korobelnik JF (April 2004). "Laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membrane associated with optic disc drusen". Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 82 (2): 236–8.
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21. Pfriem M, Hoerauf H. Unsuccessful surgical excision of optic nerve drusen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011. Oct; 249(10): 1583–1585.
22. Kapur R, Pulido JS, Abraham JL, Sharma M, Buerk B, Edward DP. Histologic findings after surgical excision of optic nerve head drusen. Retina. 2008. Jan; 28(1):143-6.
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25. Wilkins J, Pomeranz H. Visual manifestations of visible and buried optic disc drusen. J
Neuroophthalmol. 2004;24(2):125-129.
26. Calvo-González C, Santos-Bueso E, Díaz-Valle D, Reche-Frutos J, Moriche-Carretero M, Benítez-Del-Castillo JM et all. Optic nerve drusen and deep visual fields defects. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2006 May;81(5):269-73.
27. Obuchowska I, Mariak Z. Visual field defects in the optic disc drusen. Klin Oczna. 2008;110(10-12):357-60.
28. Katz BJ, Pomeranz HD.Visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber layer defects in eyes with buried optic nerve drusen. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Feb;141(2):248-253.
29. Spalding JM. Visual-field loss with optic nerve drusen and ocular hypertension: a case report. Optometry. 2002 Jan;73(1):24-32.
30. Sowka J, Kabat A. IOP, Drusen and Occlusion. Rewiev of Optometry. Feb, 2016.31. Pojda-Wilczek D, Herba E, Jedrzejewski W, Pojda SM. Optic disc drusen and glaucoma--case report. Klin Oczna. 2004;106(1-2 Suppl):263-5.
32. Ziak P, Jarabáková K, Koyšová M. Optic disc drusen - current diagnostic possibilities. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2014 Feb;70(1):30-5.
33. Roh S, Noecker RJ, Schuman JS. Evaluation of coexisting optic nerve head drusen and glaucoma with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1138–1144.
34. Johnson LN, Diehl ML, Hamm CW, Sommerville DN, Petroski GF. Differentiating optic disc edema from optic nerve head drusen on optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;127(1):45-9.
35. Silverman AL, Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA, MD, PhD, Weinreb RN. Assessment of Optic Nerve Head Drusen Using Enhanced Depth Imaging and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Neuroophthalmol. 2014 Jun; 34(2): 198–205.
36. Ubhi P, Shechtman D, Green K.Discern Optic Nerve Head Drusen from True Papilledema. Rewiev of Optometry. Dec, 2015.
37. Pihlbad MS. Optic Nerve Head Drusen. Available from: http://eyewiki.aao.org. Sept, 2015.
38. Kuchenbecker J, Wecke T, Vorwerk CK, Behrens-Baumann W.Quantitative and objective topometrical analysis of drusen of the optic nerve head with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). Ophthalmologe. 2002 Oct;99(10):768-73.
39. Patel NN, Shulman JP, Chin KJ, Finger PT. Optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging of optic nerve head drusen. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2010. Nov-Dec;41(6):614-21.
40. Tatlipinar S, Kadayifcilar S, Bozkurt B, Gedik S, Karaagaoglu E, Orhan M, Irkeç M. Polarimetric nerve fiber analysis in patients with visible optic nerve head drusen. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001 Dec;21(4):245-9.
41. Vieregge P, Rosengart A, Mehdorn E, Wessel K, Kömpf D. Drusen papilla with vision disorder and pathologic visual evoked potentials. Nervenarzt. 1990 Jun;61(6):364-8.
42. Grippo TM, Ezon I, Kanadani FN, Wangsupadilok B, Tello C, Liebmann JM et all. The Effects of Optic Disc Drusen on the Latency of the Pattern-Reversal Checkerboard and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Sep; 50(9): 4199–4204.
43. Schargus M, Grippo T, Ritch R, Gramer E. Stage of Visual Field Loss in Relation to the Appearance of the Optic Disc in 144 Eyes of Patients With Drusen of the Optic Disc. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2005, Vol.46, 2483.
44. El-Assal K, Tatham AJ. Rapidly progressing visual loss associated with optic nerve head drusen: Is there a role for lowering intraocular pressure? Journal of Ophthalmic science. 28.Apr 2016.
1. Morris RW, Ellerbrock JM, Hamp AM, Joy JT, Roels P, Davis CN Jr. Advanced visual field loss secondary to optic nerve head drusen: case report and literature review. Optometry. 2009 Feb;80(2):83-100.
2. Schargus M, Gramer E. Optic disc drusen. Ophthalmologe. 2008 Jul;105(7): 693-710.
3. Auw-Haedrich C, Staubach F, Witschel H. Optic disk drusen. Surv Ophthalmol. 2002 Nov-Dec;47(6):515-32.
4. Czajor K, Misiuk-Hojło M. Heidelberg Edge Perimetry in optic nerve drusen – a case report. MEDtube Science Mar, 2014; Vol.II (1)
5. Ubhi P, Shechtman D, Green K. Discern Optic Nerve Head Drusen from True Papilledema. Review of Optometry. Dec. 15, 2015.
6. Friedman AH, Henkind P, Gartner S. Drusen of the optic disc. A histopathological study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. April 1975. 95 (1): 4–9.7. Chang MY, Pineles SL. Optic disk drusen in children. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016 Nov - Dec;61(6):745-758.
8. Gay D, Boyer S.Two differing presentations of optic nerve head drusen. Optometry. 2001. Sep;72(9): 588-96.
9. Davis PL, Jay WM. Optic nerve head drusen. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2003.Vol. 18(4): 222–24210. Gili P, Flores-Rodríguez P, Yangüela J, Orduña-Azcona J, Martín-Ríos M. Evaluation of optic disc size in patients with optic nerve head drusen using fundus photography. J Optom. 2013. Apr; 6(2): 75–79.
11. Grippo TM, Rogers SW, Tsai JC. Optic Disc Drusen. Glaucoma Today. Jan/Feb 2012.
12. Gaillard F. Optic Disc Drusen. Available from: http:// radiopaedia.org. 2005-2017.
13. Aumiller MS. Optic disc drusen: complications and manage¬ment. Optometry. 2007; 78(1):10–16.
14. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Guggenmoos Holzmann I, Naumann GO. Pseudopapilledema associated with abnormally small optic discs. Acta Ophthalmol. 1988;66(2):190-193.
15. GrippoTM, Shihadeh WA, Schargus M, Gramer E, Tello C et all. Optic Nerve Head Drusen and Visual Field Loss in Normotensive and Hypertensive Eyes. J Glaucoma 2008;17:100–104.
16. Kamjoo S, Epley KD, Pihlbad MS. Optic Disc Drusen. Available from: http://eyewiki.aao.org. January , 2015.
17. Gossman MV. Pseudopapilledema. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com. Oct, 2015.
18. Patel V, Oetting TA. Optic Nerve Drusen: 19-year-old female with blurred vision. EyeRounds.org. August 14, 2007; Available from: http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases.
19. Delyfer MN, Rougier MB, Fourmaux E, Cousin P, Korobelnik JF (April 2004). "Laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membrane associated with optic disc drusen". Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 82 (2): 236–8.
20. Haritoglou C, Prieglinger SG, Grueterich M, Kampik A, Kriegelstein GK. Radial optic neurotomy for the treatment of acute functional impairment associated with optic nerve drusen.Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jun; 89(6): 779–780.
21. Pfriem M, Hoerauf H. Unsuccessful surgical excision of optic nerve drusen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011. Oct; 249(10): 1583–1585.
22. Kapur R, Pulido JS, Abraham JL, Sharma M, Buerk B, Edward DP. Histologic findings after surgical excision of optic nerve head drusen. Retina. 2008. Jan; 28(1):143-6.
23. Pinxten I, Stalmans P. Radial optic neurotomy as a treatment for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to optic disc drusen. GMS Ophthalmol Cases; 2014. Jul 15;4.
24. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Naumann GO. Optic nerve head drusen associated with abnormally small optic discs. Int Ophthalmol. 1987 Dec;11(2):79-82.
25. Wilkins J, Pomeranz H. Visual manifestations of visible and buried optic disc drusen. J
Neuroophthalmol. 2004;24(2):125-129.
26. Calvo-González C, Santos-Bueso E, Díaz-Valle D, Reche-Frutos J, Moriche-Carretero M, Benítez-Del-Castillo JM et all. Optic nerve drusen and deep visual fields defects. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2006 May;81(5):269-73.
27. Obuchowska I, Mariak Z. Visual field defects in the optic disc drusen. Klin Oczna. 2008;110(10-12):357-60.
28. Katz BJ, Pomeranz HD.Visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber layer defects in eyes with buried optic nerve drusen. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Feb;141(2):248-253.
29. Spalding JM. Visual-field loss with optic nerve drusen and ocular hypertension: a case report. Optometry. 2002 Jan;73(1):24-32.
30. Sowka J, Kabat A. IOP, Drusen and Occlusion. Rewiev of Optometry. Feb, 2016.31. Pojda-Wilczek D, Herba E, Jedrzejewski W, Pojda SM. Optic disc drusen and glaucoma--case report. Klin Oczna. 2004;106(1-2 Suppl):263-5.
32. Ziak P, Jarabáková K, Koyšová M. Optic disc drusen - current diagnostic possibilities. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2014 Feb;70(1):30-5.
33. Roh S, Noecker RJ, Schuman JS. Evaluation of coexisting optic nerve head drusen and glaucoma with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1138–1144.
34. Johnson LN, Diehl ML, Hamm CW, Sommerville DN, Petroski GF. Differentiating optic disc edema from optic nerve head drusen on optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;127(1):45-9.
35. Silverman AL, Tatham AJ, Medeiros FA, MD, PhD, Weinreb RN. Assessment of Optic Nerve Head Drusen Using Enhanced Depth Imaging and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Neuroophthalmol. 2014 Jun; 34(2): 198–205.
36. Ubhi P, Shechtman D, Green K.Discern Optic Nerve Head Drusen from True Papilledema. Rewiev of Optometry. Dec, 2015.
37. Pihlbad MS. Optic Nerve Head Drusen. Available from: http://eyewiki.aao.org. Sept, 2015.
38. Kuchenbecker J, Wecke T, Vorwerk CK, Behrens-Baumann W.Quantitative and objective topometrical analysis of drusen of the optic nerve head with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). Ophthalmologe. 2002 Oct;99(10):768-73.
39. Patel NN, Shulman JP, Chin KJ, Finger PT. Optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging of optic nerve head drusen. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2010. Nov-Dec;41(6):614-21.
40. Tatlipinar S, Kadayifcilar S, Bozkurt B, Gedik S, Karaagaoglu E, Orhan M, Irkeç M. Polarimetric nerve fiber analysis in patients with visible optic nerve head drusen. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001 Dec;21(4):245-9.
41. Vieregge P, Rosengart A, Mehdorn E, Wessel K, Kömpf D. Drusen papilla with vision disorder and pathologic visual evoked potentials. Nervenarzt. 1990 Jun;61(6):364-8.
42. Grippo TM, Ezon I, Kanadani FN, Wangsupadilok B, Tello C, Liebmann JM et all. The Effects of Optic Disc Drusen on the Latency of the Pattern-Reversal Checkerboard and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Sep; 50(9): 4199–4204.
43. Schargus M, Grippo T, Ritch R, Gramer E. Stage of Visual Field Loss in Relation to the Appearance of the Optic Disc in 144 Eyes of Patients With Drusen of the Optic Disc. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2005, Vol.46, 2483.
44. El-Assal K, Tatham AJ. Rapidly progressing visual loss associated with optic nerve head drusen: Is there a role for lowering intraocular pressure? Journal of Ophthalmic science. 28.Apr 2016.