Challenges, risks and threats to human security in the 4th Industrial Revolution

  • Ljubomir M. Mitrović Fakultet bezbednosti
Keywords: human security, industrial revolution 4.0, globalisation, challenges, risks and threats

Abstract


The world has been gradually entering the fourth industrial revolution, where a new wave of technological advancement will bring humanity into a new era of globalisation. Global supply chains will become more efficient while reducing transport costs, which will contribute to opening new markets and drive economic growth. According to an analysis by the World Economic Forum, the fourth industrial revolution will increase the level of global income and quality of life for people around the world. However, increasing intersectionality and emerging technological trends will expose humanity to new forms of security challenges, risks and threats such as Internet fraud and data theft, cyberattacks, large-scale spontaneuos migration, climate change, etc., as stated in the 2020 Global Economic Forum's Global Risk Report.

References

Arnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of Globalisation. American Psychologist, 57, 774‐783;

Bjelajac, Ž. (2016). Sektorski pristup bezbednosti: Analitički okvir kompleksne bezbednosne dinamike. Kultura polisa, 13(31), 303-315;

Bonekamp, L., Sure, M. (2015). Consequences of Industry 4.0 on Human Labour and Work Organisation. Journal of Business and Media Psychology. Retrieved on 27. february 2020, https://journal-bmp.de/2015/12/auswirkungen-von-industrie-4-0-auf-menschliche-arbeit-und-arbeitsorganisation/?lang=en;

Buzan, B. (2007). People, states and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-Cold War era. Colchester: ECPR Press;

Castlls, M. (1996). The network society. Oxford: Blackwell;

Chugh, A. (2018). How to build a model for human security in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Retrieved on 30. march 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-to-build-a-model-for-human-security-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/;

Clifford, C. (2017). Hundreds of A.I. experts echo Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking in call for a ban on killer robots. Retrieved on 02. april 2020, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/ai-experts-join-elon-musk-stephen-hawking-call-for-killer-robot-ban.html;

Cvetković, V. N. (2018). Neizvesna bubućnost i neograničeno vreme (O dugoročnoj ne/održivosti Novog puta svile). In: Novi put svile: evropska perspektiva. (21-46). Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet bezbednosti;

Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union. (2013). Retrieved on 17. march 2020, https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/policies/eu-cyber-security/cybsec_comm_en.pdf;

Davis, N., O'Halloran, D. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution is driving Globalisation 4.0. Retrieved on 10. march 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-is-driving-a-new-phase-of-Globalisation/;

Defort, M. (2015). Human Security in the Digital Age: A Relocation of Power and Control over Security from State to Non-State Actors. Retrieved on 16. march 2020, https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/human-security-in-the-digital-age-a-relocation-of-power-and-control-over-security-from-stat;

Dragišić, Z., Milošević, M. (2016). Ugrožavanje nacionalne bezbednosti Republike Srbije terorizmom u sajber prostoru. Politika nacionalne bezbednosti, 2, 157-176;

Elamiryan, R. G. (2019). HUMAN SECURITY IN CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION: INFORMATION SECURITY ASPECT. Retrieved on 11. march 2020, https://www.academia.edu/21857072/HUMAN_SECURITY_IN_CONTEXT_OF_GLOBALISATION_INFORMATION_SECURITY_ASPECT;

Eldridge, R., Koser, K., Levin, M., Rai, S. (2017). What does the Fourth Industrial Revolution mean for migration? Retrieved on 17. march 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/what-does-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-mean-for-migration/;

Friedman, L. T. (1999). The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalisation. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux;

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003). New Threats to Human Security in the Era of Globalisation. Journal of Human Development, 4(2), 167-179;

Gillieron, L. (2019). Davos: leaders talk about globalisation as though it’s inevitable – when it isn’t. Retrieved on 30. february 2020, https://theconversation.com/davos-leaders-talk-about-globalisation-as-though-its-inevitable-when-it-isnt-110216;

Haiquan, L. (2017). The Security Challenges of the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative and China’s Choices. Croatian International Relations Review, 23(78), 129-147;

Heinrich, M. (2019). INDUSTRY 4.0: How it will affect employment and what skills will be required to match the requirements of the market. Retrieved on 20. march 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330995136_INDUSTRY_40_How_it_will_affect_employment_and_what_skills_will_be_required_to_match_the_requirements_of_the_market;

Hersman, R., Stadler, B. (2019). When Is More Actually Less? Situational Awareness and Nuclear Risks. Retrieved on 12. march 2020, https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/13e901d2-c1dd-400e-bc04-c4eacd5bd853;

Ignjatović, Đ. (2018). Kriminologija. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu - Pravni fakultet;

Kamei, K. (2013). Human Security and Globalisation. Journal of Poole Gakuin University, 53, 63-76;

Kamei, K. (2012). Globalisation and Security: An Evolution of Economic Security. Journal of Poole Gakuin University, 52, 39-50;

Kaspersen, A. (2015). How can international security keep up with technology? Retrieved on 05. april 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/how-can-international-security-keep-up-with-technology;

Lam, R. (2015). Risks and Challenges for Global ITS Product Companies For China’s One Belt One Road. Retrieved on 15. april 2020, http://itsproducts.com/risks-and-challenges-for-global-its-product-companies-for-chinas-one-belt-one-road/;

Ljajić, S., Meta, M., Mladenović, Ž. (2016). Globalizacija: ekonomski i psihološki aspekti. Ekonomski signali: poslovni magazin, 11(1), 39-62;

Maráczi, F. (2017). Security Challenges of One Belt One Road Initiative. Retrieved on 15. april 2020, http://beltandroadcenter.org/2017/11/07/security-challenges-of-one-belt-one-road-initiative/;

Mehdi, A. (2013). Dimension of Globalisation. Retrieved on 29. march 2020, https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/24318/9/09_chapter_3.pdf;

Mitrović, Lj. (2019). Reforma sektora bezbednosti Republike Srbije u kontekstu EU integracija (59-76). In: Evropska unija i evropske integracija Republike Srbije. Krovna organizacija mladih Srbije - KOMS;

Mišev, G., Stanojević, P., Jeftić, Z. Neki aspekti bezbednosti srpske infrastrukture na „Novom putu svile“. In: Novi put svile: evropska perspektiva. (193-208). Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet bezbednosti;

Morgan, E. C. (2002). GLOBALISATION AND HUMAN SECURITY: A NEO-GRAMSCIAN PERSPECTIVE. International Journal of Peace Studies, 7(2), 57-73;

Nacionalna strategija za sprečavanje i borbu protiv terorizma. (2017). Retrieved on 21. april 2020, http://www.mup.gov.rs/wps/wcm/connect/4e85c9e8-6b07-42ed-9224-01573a1f0d61/strategija-terorizam+1_LAT.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mfqgT.n;

Nye, S. N. (2003). Understanding International Conflicts. Addisson Wesley Longman, 4, 185-196;

Obar, J., McPhail, B. (2018). Preventing Big Data Discrimination in Canada: Addressing Design, Consent and Sovereignty Challenges. Data Governance in the Digital Age: Special Report, 56–64.

Pop, I.I. (2016). Strengths and Challenges of China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative. Retrieved on 16. march 2020, https://beltandroad.hktdc.com/en/insights/strengths-and-challenges-chinas-one-belt-one-road-initiative;

Rizmal, I. (2018). Vodič kroz informacionu bezbednost u Republici Srbiji 2.0. Beograd: OEBS;

Robertson. R, Khondker. H. H. (1998). Discourses of Globalisation. Preliminary considerations. International sociology, 13(1), 25-40;

Schwab, K. (2016). How will the Fourth Industrial Revolution affect international security? Retrieved on 10. april 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/how-will-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-affect-international-security/;

Strategija razvoja informacione bezbednosti u Republici Srbiji za period od 2017. do 2020. godine. (2017). Retrieved on 25. march 2020, http://www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/sgrs/vlada/strategija/2017/53/1/reg;

Todorović, B. (2018). Inicijativa „Pojas i put“ i zaštita kritične infrastrukture na balkanskom raskršću. In: Novi put svile: evropska perspektiva. (209-224). Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet bezbednosti;

UNDP (1994). Human Development Report 1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press;

Veljović, V., Rakočević, V. (2018). Crna Gora na ekonomskom i pomorskom putu svile u XXI vijeku i činioci ugrožavanja bezbjednosti. In: Novi put svile: evropska perspektiva. (21-46). Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet bezbednosti;

Vu, C. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Its Security Implications. Retrieved on 30 march 2020, https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/co18086-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-its-security-implications/#.XXdxt25uLDe;

Vulević, M. S. (2018). MIGRANTSKA KRIZA KAO IZAZOV SOCIJETALNOJ BEZBEDNOSTI U EVROPSKOJ UNIJI. Vojno delo, 3, 55-74;

WEF - World Economic Forum. (2020). The Global Risks Report 2020. Retrieved on 17. march 2020, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf;

WEF - World Economic Forum. (2019). Globalisation 4.0: Shaping a New Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Retrieved on 17. march 2020, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Globalization_4.0_Call_for_Engagement.pdf;

WEF - World Economic Forum. (2017). Harnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution for the Earth. Retrieved on 17. march 2020, https://www.weforum.org/projects/fourth-industrial-revolution-and-environment-the-stanford-dialogues;

WEF - World Economic Forum. (2016). The Future of Jobs Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Retrieved on 17. march 2020, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf;

Williamson, J. (1998). Globalisation: The Concept, Causes, and Consequences. Retrieved on 27. february 2020, https://www.piie.com/commentary/speeches-papers/Globalisation-concept-causes-and-consequences;

Wolf, M. (2015). Same as It Ever Was: Why the Techno-optimists Are Wrong. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Foreign Affairs, 94(4), 1-9;

World Bank. (2018). Belt and Road Initiative. Retrieved on 15. march 2020, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative.

Published
2020/07/17
Section
Original Scientific Papers