Domestic Violence in Rural Serbia: Etiological-Phenomenological Approach
Keywords:
domestic violence, violence against women, rural communities, etiological-phenomenological dimension.
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to point to the characteristics of domestic violence in rural areas of Serbia. Geographic isolation, traditional social patterns and cultural norms that characterize rural households contribute to the creation and maintenance of violent patterns of behavior in rural areas. Despite the legally guaranteed gender equality and protection against domestic violence, women in rural Serbia are recognized as a group particularly exposed to domestic violence due to the predominantly traditional beliefs and patterns of behavior in villages in Serbia. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to point to the etiological-phenomenological dimension of domestic violence in rural areas of Serbia. It is assumed that domestic violence in rural areas of Serbia is characterized by the high dark figures of the crime due to the fact that it is usually kept as a private matter, so it is difficult to see its real prevalence. For this reason, besides pointing to the characteristics of domestic violence in rural areas of Serbia, the aim of the paper is to point to the reasons for not reporting this violence, in order to contribute to the establishment of adequate responses to this type of violence, in accordance with its specificities.
References
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Volkova, O., Lipai, T., & Wendt, S. (2015). Domestic Violence in Rural Areas of Russia and Australia. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 101-110.
Walby, S., Towers, J., & Francis, B. (2016). Is Violent Crime Increasing or Decreasing? A New Methodology to Measure Repeat Attacks Making Visible the Significance of Gender and Domestic Relations. British Journal of Criminology, 1203-1234.
Wendt, S. (2009). Constructions of local culture and impact on domestic violence in an Australian rural community. Journal of Rural Studies, 175-184.
Wendt, S., Chung, D., Elder, A., Bryant, L., Hendrick, A., & Hartwig, A. (2017). Seeking help for domestic violence: Exploring regional, rural and remote women`s coping experiences: Final Report. Sydney: ANROWS Horizons.
Youngson, N., Saxton, M., Jaffe, P. G., Chiodo, D., Dawson, M., & Straatman, A.-L. (2021). Challenges in Risk Assessment with Rural Domestic Violence Victims: Implications for Practice. Journal of Family Violence, 1-14.
Beker, K. (2017). Child marriages in Serbia - Analytical report. Belgrade: UNICEF Serbia.
Bučar Ručman, A. (2019). Social Ties, Solidarity and Threat Perception in Rural and Urban Communities in Slovenia. Journal of Criminal Investigation and Criminology, 409-421.
Campo, M., & Tayton, S. (2015). Domestic and family violence in regional, rural and remote communities, An overview of key issues. Australian Institute of Family Studies.
Carrington, K., Donnermeyer, J., & DeKeseredy, W. (2014). Intersectionality, Rural Criminology, and Re-imaging the Boundaries of Critical Criminology. Critical Criminology, 463-477.
Carrington, K., McIntosh, A., Hogg, R., & Scott, J. (2013). Rural masculinities and the internalisation of violence in agricultural communities. International Journal of Rural Criminology, 3-24.
Council of Europe. (2011). Resolution 1806, Rural women in Europe. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17985&lang=en
Curran, E., & Bonthuys, E. (2004). Customary Law and Domestic Violence in Rural South African Communities. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
Directorate for Gender Equality. (2014). Report on the first interval of monitoring the implementation of the recommendations of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. Belgrade.
Donnermeyer, J. D. (2019). The Importance of Place: Safety and Security of Rural Peoples and Communities in an Urbanising World. Journal of Criminal Investigation and Criminology, 399-408.
Donnermeyer, J. D. (2019). The international emergence of rural criminology: Implications for the development and revision of criminological theory for rural contexts. International Journal of Rural Criminology, 1-18.
Ellsberg, M., & Heise, L. (2005). Researching Violence Against Women: A Practical Guide for Researchers and Activists Researching Violence Against Women. Washington DC: United States: World Health Organization; PATH.
Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., Pena, R., Agurto, S., & Winkvist, A. (2001). Researching domestic violence against women: Methodological and ethical considerations. Studies in Family Planning, 1-16.
Government of the Republic of Serbia. (2021). Fourth periodic report of Serbia (CEDAW/C/SRB/4); CEDAW/C/SR.1675 and 1676. Belgrade.
George, A., & Harris, B. (2014). Landscapes of Violence: Women Surviving Family Violence in Regional and Rural Victoria. Deakin University Australia.
Hacin, R., & Eman, K. (2019). Police Officers Perception of Threats in Urban and Rural Environments. Journal of Criminal Investigation and Criminology, 455-468.
Ignjatović, T., & Macanović, V. (2018). Improved legislation - failed protection, Independent report on the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Belgrade: Autonomous Women`s Center.
Johnson, R. (2000). Rural Health Response to Domestic Violence. U.S. Department of HHS Federal Office of Rural Health Policy.
Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Mozumder, K. A. (2003). Women`s Status and Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh: Individual- and Community-Level Effects. Demography, 269-288.
Loxton, D., Hussain, R., & Schofield, M. (2003). Women`s experiences of domestic abuse in rural and remote Australia. 7th National Rural Health Conference, 1-9.
Marković, S. (2019). Measures for prevention of domestic violence and for protection of victims in Serbia`s legal system with special reference to emergency measures. NBP - Journal of Criminalistics and Law, 45-63.
Mitrović, M. (2015). Census of Population, Households and Estates 2011, Census of Agriculture 2012, Villages in Serbia, Changing the Structure and Problems of Sustainable Development. Belgrade: Republic Bureau of Statistics.
Mitrović, M. M. (2015). Villages in Serbia - Changes in structure and problems of sustainable development. Belgrade: Republic Bureau of Statistics.
Myhill, A. (2017). Measuring domestic violence: context is everything. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 33-44.
OEBS. (2019). OSCE Survey on Violence against Women, Serbia - baseline report. Belgrade: OEBS.
Santi, O., & Carrington, K. (2015). Domestic violence (DV) service provision and the architecture of rural life: An Australian case study. Journal of Rural Studies, 229-238.
SeCons & UNDP. (2008). Rural women as helping members of agricultural households: position, roles and social rights. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://www.secons.net/files/publications/94-publication.pdf.
Stalford, H., & Baker, H. B. (2003). Children and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas: A child-focused assessment of service provision. London: Save the Children.
Stevanović, O., Subošić, D., & Kekić, D. (2018). Zastupljenost funkcija rukovođenja u Zakonu o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici. NBP - Journal of Criminalistics and Law, 131-146.
The Republic Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Population estimates by age, sex and type of settlement. Retrieved August 20, 2021, from https://data.stat.gov.rs/Home/Result/18010502?languageCode=sr-Latn&displayMode=table.
UNICEF, The Republic Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Survey of Multiple Indicators of the Position of Women and Children in Serbia 2014 and Survey of Multiple Indicators of the Position of Women and Children in Roma Settlements in Serbia. Belgrade.
United Nations. (2014). Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women— Statistical Surveys. New York: United Nations.
Volkova, O., Lipai, T., & Wendt, S. (2015). Domestic Violence in Rural Areas of Russia and Australia. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 101-110.
Walby, S., Towers, J., & Francis, B. (2016). Is Violent Crime Increasing or Decreasing? A New Methodology to Measure Repeat Attacks Making Visible the Significance of Gender and Domestic Relations. British Journal of Criminology, 1203-1234.
Wendt, S. (2009). Constructions of local culture and impact on domestic violence in an Australian rural community. Journal of Rural Studies, 175-184.
Wendt, S., Chung, D., Elder, A., Bryant, L., Hendrick, A., & Hartwig, A. (2017). Seeking help for domestic violence: Exploring regional, rural and remote women`s coping experiences: Final Report. Sydney: ANROWS Horizons.
Youngson, N., Saxton, M., Jaffe, P. G., Chiodo, D., Dawson, M., & Straatman, A.-L. (2021). Challenges in Risk Assessment with Rural Domestic Violence Victims: Implications for Practice. Journal of Family Violence, 1-14.
