ZAROBLJAVANJE DRŽAVE: SLUČAJ JUŽNE AFRIKE
Sažetak
„Velika korupcija“ i „zarobljavanje države“ dva su isprepletena koncepta korupcije koja je postala sistemska i institucionalizovana u mnogim zemljama širom svijeta. „Državno zarobljavanje“ može se jednostavno definirati kao „plaćanje mita na visokim nivoima vlasti kako bi se država izvukla ili opljačkala značajne količine novca“. Pored toga, koncept se može koristiti za vladinu korupciju kada se država (institucije, zakoni i propisi) koriste i zlostavljaju u lične svrhe, a ne radi većeg dobra dotične države. Rad je pripremljen na osnovu analize dokumenata, akademskih i medijskih članaka. Opisaće se dva odvojena, ali međusobno povezana korupcionaška skandala koja su se dogodila u Južnoj Africi, „skandal s oružjem“ i novije „stanje zarobljavanja“. Svrha rada je podizanje svijesti o trenutnoj situaciji u kojoj se nalazi Južna Afrika s nadom da će nadahnuti narode Južne Afrike da dignu svoj glas protiv korumpirane države kako bi sačuvali demokratiju za koju se borio Nelson Mandela. U radu će se zaključiti da je vladina korupcija postala društveno ugrađena u „logiku“ pregovaranja i interakcije, što ukazuje na to da se institucionalizirala i kulturno ugradila u Južnu Afriku.
Reference
Amundsen, I. (1999). Political corruption: An introduction to the issues. Michelsen Institute.
Bloom, D.E. & Sachs, J.D. (1998). Geography, Demography and economic growth in Africa, Economic Activity, 1998(2), 207-295.
Brkic, B. 2021. It is cold outside the ANC, and Ace knows it, Retrieved 18 May, 2021, from https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-05-15-it-is-cold-outside-of-the-anc-and-ace-knows-it/
Crawford-Brown, T. (2004). The arms deal scandal, Review of African Political Economy, 31(100), 329-342.
Dobovšek, B. (2008). Economic organized crime networks in emerging democracies, International Journal of Social Economics, 35(9), 679-690.
Dobovšek, B. & Slak, B. (2015). Old horizons of organized-white collar crime: Critical remarks about the current definition, development and perceptions of organized and white-collar crime, Journal of Financial Crime, 22(3), 305-317
February, J. (2019). State capture: An entirely new type of corruption. Institute for Security Studies.
Gatimu, S. (2020). Finding better wats to fight corruption, Retrieved 17 May, 2021, from https://issafrica.org/amp/iss-today/finding-better-ways-to-fight-corruption
Global Initiative. (2021). Corruption in Western Balkans. Retrieved 19 May, 2021, from https://globalinitiative.net/analysis/corruption-western-balkans/
Masterson, G. & Meirotti, M. (2018). State capture in Africa: Old threats, new packaging? EISHA.
Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681-712.
Olken, B.A. & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in developing countries, Annual Review of Economics, 1(4), 479-509.
SABC News. (2018). Defining state capture. Retrieved 12 May, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imnX0f__wYc
Sardan, J.P. (1999). A moral economy of corruption in Africa, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(1), 25-52.
Satgar, V. (2012). Beyond Marikana: The post-Apartheid South African State, Africa Spectrum, 47(2/3), 33-62.
Smart Monkey TV. (2012). Andrew Feinstein on corruption and the South African arms deal. Retrieved 24 April 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvkSHSO5YG8
Soggot, M. (2001). Evidence of ANC arms deal link. Retrieved 23 April 2021, from https://mg.co.za/article/2001-01-19-evidence-of-anc-arms-deal-link/
Southall, R. (2014). Democracy at risk? Politics and governance under the ANC, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 1(652), 48-69.
Tanzi, V. (1998). Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope and cures, International Monetary Fund, 45(4), 559-594.
Thakoor, V. & Sobrinho, N. (2019). More sand than oil, Finance and Development, 56(3), 35-37.
The Greens. (2018). The cost of corruption across the EU. European Parliament.
Transparency International. 2021. Are African countries preventing corruption and prosecuting related crimes? Retrieved 17 May, 2021, from https://www.transparency.org/en/news/are-african-countries-preventing-corruption#
Vishny, R.W. & Shleifer, A. 1993. Corruption, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 599-617.
World Bank. 2020. Combating Corruption. Retrieved 18 May, 2021, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/governance/brief/anti-corruption