The Značaj uzbunjivača u oblasti prevencije ekološkog kriminaliteta
Ključne reči:
uzbunjivanje, zaštita životne sredine, ekološki kriminalitet, prevencija.
Sažetak
Uzbunjivanje predstavlja aktivnost od značaja ne samo za suzbijanje korupcije, već i drugih nepravilnosti i nezakonitih postupaka. Zaštita životne sredine svakako jeste pitanje od javnog interesa i prevencija delikata kojima se narušava njen integritet korisna je pre svega sa aspekta zaštite života i zdravlja ljudi. Ekološki kriminalitet se u velikom broju slučajeva veoma teško otkriva i dokazuje. Uloga uzbunjivača je od posebnog značaja za blagovremeno otkrivanje ekoloških delikata i smanjenje nastupanja ili ublažavanje štetnih posledica. U ovom radu polazimo od pretpostavke da su uzbunjivači u oblasti zaštite životne sredine suočeni sa velikim brojem izazova i da nisu zaštićeni na adekvatan način. Oni uglavnom ili dobijaju otkaz od poslodavca ili su prinuđeni usled različitih pritisaka da daju otkaz bez mogućnosti novog zaposlenja. Imajući u vidu značaj njihove uloge u oblasti zaštite životne sredine, trebalo bi preispitati mogućnost unapređenja njihovog položaja. Radi davanja preporuka za unapređenje kako nacionalnih propisa, tako i prakse u vezi sa zaštitom uzbunjivača u ovom radu koristimo pre svega metod analize sadržaja, kao i dogmatsko-pravni metod.
Reference
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Višekruna, A. (2016) Modeli podsticanja aktivnosti uzbunjivača na finansijskom tržištu, Pravo i privreda, 4-6, 368-385.
Batchelor, M. Exclusive interview with ESG expert and DWS whistleblower Desiree Fixler, Ceo Magazine, 24. 10. 2023, https://www.theceomagazine.com/business/management-leadership/desiree-fixler/.
Becker, E. (2015) Calling Goul: deficiencies in approaches to envirronmental whistleblowers and suggested reforms, Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate and Environment, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 65-97.
Bodrožić, I. (2014) Opravdanost krivičnopravne zaštite životne sredine, Revija za kriminologiju i krivično pravo, Vol. 52, No. 1, 71-92.
Commission Staff Working Document Evaluation of the Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law (Environmental Crime Directive), SWD/2020/0259 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020SC0259.
Drenovak Ivanović, M. (2019) Ekološko pravo između javnog i privatnog prava, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Nišu, vol. 58, No. 85, 119-134, DOI: 10.5937/zrpfn0-23687.
Dussuyer, I., Armstrong, A. & Smith, R. (2015) Research into Whistleblowing, Protection Against Victimisation, Journal of Law amd Governance, 10(3), 34-42.
Đurić, V. & Vranješ. N. (2020) Pravni okvir uloge lokalne samouprave u ostvarivanju javnog interesa – primeri Republike Srbije i Republike Srpske, Godišnjak Fakulteta pravnih nauka, 10, 48-63.
ECHR, Halet v. Luxembourg, Application No. 21884/18, Judgement, 11. 5. 2021, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-210131%22]}.
Edgerly, M. Whistleblower: State didnˋt get enough money in 3M deal on water pollution, 23.2.2018, https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/02/23/whistleblower-fardin-oliaei-not-happy-over-state-deal-with-3m-on-water-pollution.
Environmental Whistleblowing Toolkit, A Practical Toolkit to help you understand your rights when raising environmental concerns in the workplace, 2023, https://protect-advice.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Environmental-Whistleblowing-Toolkit-FINAL-October-2023.pdf.
EUROPOL, EU Socta 2021 – Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment, A Corruptinginfluence: The Infiltration and Undermining of Europe’s Economy and Society by Organised Crime,https://www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/socta2021_1.pdf.
Groen, M. Dr. Fardin Oliaei, ‘Whistle Blower’ Has Same Warning, 20 Years Later, The Alley, 1.7.2023, https://alleynews.org/2023/07/dr-fardin-oliaei-whistle-blower-has-same-warning-20-years-later/.
INTERPOL, Environmental Crime and its Convergence with other Serious Crimes, 30. October 2015, Lyon: INTERPOL Environmental Crime and its Convergence with other Serious Crimes.
Kostić, J. (2022) Zaštita uzbunjivača: između javnog i privatnog interesa, Strani pravni život, Vol. LXVI, No. 2, 205-220, DOI: 10.56461/SPZ_22202KJ, 205-220.
Martin B. (2003) lllusions of whistleblower protection, https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=artspapers.
Martić, M. (2016) Uporedno-pravni apsekti pojma uzbunjivača, Strani pravni život, 60(1), 201-214.
McGachey, K. Desiree Fixler: I have no regrets about blowing thewhistle on DWS, Financial News, 24. 8. 2023, https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/desiree-fixler-i-have-no-regrets-about-blowing-the-whistle-on-dws-20230824.
Republic Public Prosecutorˋs Office, Report on the work of public prosecutorˋs offices to combat crime and protect constitutionality and legality in 2022, http://www.rjt.gov.rs/docs/Izvestaj_Republika_Srbija_Republicko_javno_tuzila%C5%A1tvo_mart2023.pdf.
Sebastião Vieira de Freitas Netto et al. (2020) Concepts and forms of greenwashing a systematic review, Environmental Sciences Europe, 32, 1-12, DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-0300-3.
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the
environment through criminal law and replacing Directive 2008/99/EC, Brussels, 15.12.2021 COM(2021) 851 final
2021/0422 (COD), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0851.
Radulović, U. (2023) The role of Whistleblowing as a mechanism to prevent state capture: A case from the global south, NBP, Nauka, bezbednost, policija, vol. 28, No. 3, 62-74, DOI: 10.5937/nabepo28-47438.
The Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure L 157/1, https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/423032.
The Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2019/1937.
The Directive (EU) 2024/1203 of the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law and replacing Directives 2008/99/EC and 2009/123/EC, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401203.
The Focus: Who is Rick Parks, the Whistleblower from Three Mile Island, May 11th 2022, In: The News, Meltdown, Nuclear Regulation, https://whistleblower.org/in-the-news/the-focus-who-is-rick-parks-the-whistleblower-from-three-mile-island/.
The Whislteblower Protection Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 128/2014).
Unger, H. S. Rick Parks - (Barus Awardee 1986). Online Ethics Center, DOI:. https://onlineethics.org/cases/award-winners/rick-parks-barus-awardee-1986.
Višekruna, A. (2016) Modeli podsticanja aktivnosti uzbunjivača na finansijskom tržištu, Pravo i privreda, 4-6, 368-385.
