ALBANIA'S QUEST FOR A SECURTY GUARANTOR

  • Đorđe Pavlović Ministarstvo odbrane Republike Srbije
Keywords: Republic of Albania, NATO, extended deterrence, foreign policy

Abstract


In the paper, the author tries to present Albania's experiences with the selection of a strategic security guarantor, with a special focus on her expertise related to NATO from 1992 onwards. The central hypothesis of this research is that the Albanian state has benefited from the extended deterrence provided by NATO not only after it became a member of that alliance in 2009 but even more than a decade before that. In this context, the author will focus on two examples, the first of which refers to the situation in which Albania found itself during the NATO aggression against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999. The second indicates how the Albanian state benefited from the Alliance's expansion in the Western Balkans to improve the protection of the Albanian population in the neighborhood. In addition, the paper will also present specific ways in which Albania is seeking to improve its position within NATO so that the extended deterrence provided by that alliance can contribute as much as possible to the protection of Albanian national interests. The dominant data source for this work is scientific literature, while comparative and historical methods and case studies were used to draw conclusions.

References

Anderson, Justin V. Anderson and Larsen, Jeffrey A. 2013. Extended Deterrence and Allied Assurance: Key Concepts and Current Challenges for U.S. Policy. Colorado: US Air Force Academy

Arnaudov, Mitko. 2016. „Ohridski sporazum – instrument za kreiranje binacionalne države umesto integrisanog demokratskog društva.” U Dvadeset godina od Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma – trajni mir ili trajni izazovi?, ur. Dragan Živojinović, Milan Krstić i Stevan Nedeljković, 143–158. Beograd: Fakultet političkih nauka

Balkan Defence Monitor. 2024. “Defence Expenditure – Albania – 2024” https://balkandefencemonitor.com/defence-expenditure-albania-2024/.

Belfield, Gervase. 2005. “Introduction: Prince William of Wied.” In The Six Month Kingdom: Albania in 1914. ed. Duncan Heaton-Armstrong, ix-xxxvii. London: I.B. Tauris.

Blagojević, Veljko B. 2023. „Osnovne karakteristike albanske strateške kulture.” Vojno delo 4/2023: 60-73, doi: 10.5937/vojdelo2304060B.

Cashman, Greg. 2014. What causes war? : An Introduction to Theories of International Conflict. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield

Cvetković, Vladimir Lj. 2014. „Jugoslavija i istočnoevropske zemlje u susedstvu 1953-1958: opservacija, akcija, rezultati.” Annales, Series Historia et Sociologia 24 (4): 649–660.

Dhimolea, Antonela. 2023. “Comprehensive cooperation between Albania and Kosovo as an auxiliary instrument to a speedy regional economic integration.“ Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/albanien/20321.pdf.

Elsie, Robert. 2010. Historical Dictionary of Albania. Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press.

Euractiv. 2023. “Albania pledges more support for Ukraine at NATO Brussels meeting.” 16 February 2023. https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/albania-pledges-more-support-for-ukraine-at-nato-brussels-meeting/.

Euronews Albania. 2021. “Kosovo and Albania sign alliance agreement in the field of defense, aiming to elevate their co-partnership.” 18 May 2021. https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-and-albania-sign-alliance-agreement-in-the-field-of-defense-aiming-to-elevate-their-joint-partnership/.

Fischer, Bernd, J. and Oliver Jens Schmitt. 2022. A Concise History of Albania. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Fundić, Dušan B. 2018. „Austro-Ugarska i oblikovanje Albanije (1896-1914).” Doktorska disertacija. Univerzitet u Beogradu: Filozofski fakultet

Glenny, Misha. 2012. The Balkans: Nationalism, War and Great Powers 1804-2012. Toronto: Anansi.

Hendrickson, Ryan C. 1999. “Albania and NATO: Regional Security and Selective Intervention.” Security Dialogue 30 (1): 109–166. doi: 10.1177/0967010699030001010.

Hlatky, Stéfanie von. 2015. “Introduction: American Alliances and Extended Deterrence.” In The Future of Extended Deterrence: The United States, NATO, and Beyond. eds. Stéfanie von Hlatky and Andreas Wenger, 1–16. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.

Italy Ministry of Defence. 2019. “Albania – "Pellicano.” https://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/Operations/international-operations/Pagine/Albania-Pellicano.aspx.

Kosovapress. 2024. “KSF officers graduate in Albania.” https://kosovapress.com/en/oficere-te-fsk-se-diplomojne-ne-shqiperi.

Kostakos, Georgios, and Dimitris Bourantonis. 1998. “Innovation in Peace-Keeping: The Case of Albania.” Security Dialogue 29 (1): 49–58. doi: 10.1177/0967010698029001005.

Kreka, Alba and Bezeraj, Selim. 2023. “From Communist Allies to Pragmatics Partners: A Historical View of Albanian–Chinese Relations.” China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 8 (3&4): 307–323. doi: 10.1142/S2377740022500142.

League of Nations Treaty Series. 1921. “Declaration by the Governments of the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan in regard to Albania.” November 9 1921.

Marku, Ylber. 2022. “Shifting Alliances: Albania in the Early Cold War.” Journal of Cold War Studies 24 (3): 80–155. doi: 10.1162/jcws_a_01074.

Mazarr, Michael J. 2018. “Understanding Deterrence.“ April 19 2018. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE295.html.

Mišić, Saša. 2009. Albanija: prijatelj i protivnik – Jugoslovenska politika prema Albaniji 1924-1927. Beograd: Službeni glasnik.

NATO. 1999. “Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Force ("KFOR") and the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia.” 9 June 1999. https://www.nato.int/kosovo/docu/a990609a.htm.

Oryx. 2023. “The Mercedes Touch: Albanian Military Support To Ukraine.” 13 July 2023. https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/07/the-mercedes-touch-albanian-military.html.

Pavlović, Stevan K. 2004. Istorija Balkana 1804-1945. Beograd: Clio

Pejić, Igor M. 2024. „Prošireno odvraćanje: koncept, izazovi i problemi.” Nacionalni interes 49(3): 7–28. doi: 10.5937/nint49-53884.

Petranović, Branko, i Zečević, Momčilo. 1988. Jugoslavija 1918-1988: tematska zbirka dokumenata. Beograd: Rad

Pollo, Stefanaq and Arben Puto. 1981. The history of Albania: from its origins to the present day. London: Routhledge and Kegan Paul

Spahiu, Ebi. 2018. “MEK in Albania—Potential Implications and Security Concerns for Albania.” Terrorism Monitor 16 (19): 8–10.

Stavrijanos, Leften. 2005. Balkan pole 1453. godine. Beograd: Equilibrium

Telegrafi. 2024. “KSF conducts exercises at the military training ground in Biza, Albania.” https://telegrafi.com/en/fsk-realizon-ushtrime-ne-poligonin-ushtarak-ne-bize-te-shqiperise/.

The Defense Post. 2024. “Albania Reopens Kuçova Airbase for NATO Operations” 2 April 2024. https://thedefensepost.com/2024/04/02/albania-reopens-kucova-airbase-nato/.

van den Berg, Hans A. 2009. “Albania into NATO: Once Building Bunkers, now Building Bridges.” Atlantisch Perspectief 33 (3): 21–25.

Zakon o izboru odbornika i poslanika [ZIOP], Službeni list Crne Gore (SLCG), br. 16/2000 – prečišćeni tekst, 9/2001, 41/2002, 46/2002, 45/2004 – odluka Ustavnog suda (US) 48/2006, 56/2006 – odluka US i SL CG br. 46/2011, 14/2014, 47/2014 – odluka US, 12/2016 – odluka US, 60/2017 – odluka US, 10/2018 – odluka US i 109/2020 – odluka US.

Zickel, Raymond E. and Walter R. Iwaskiw. 1994. Albania: a country study. Washington: Library of Congress.

Životić, Aleksandar. 2011. Jugoslavija, Albanija i velike sile (1945-1961). Beograd: Arhipelag i Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije.

Published
2025/02/19
Section
Scientific papers