Vrste roda Fusarium prouzrokovači fuzarioze klasa pšenice u Alžiru: karakterizacija i delovanje triazolnih fungicida
Понашање фусаријумске гљивице на триазол
Sažetak
Fuzarioza klasa pšenice je važna bolest durum pšenice koja zahteva primenu nekoliko tretmana semena fungicidom kako bi se na zadovoljavajući način suzbila bolest. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se u uslovima in vitro procenila efikasnost komercijalno dostupnih fungicida protiv 18 izolata Fusarium spp. koji su sakupljeni na različitim poljima u severo-istočnom delu Alžira. Morfološkom i molekularnom karakterizacijom, na semenu pšenice otkriveno je prisustvo glavnih kompleksa vrsta F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culomorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti, kao i kompleksi vrsta F. tricinctum i F. chlamydosporum. Antifungalno delovanje fungicida pokazuje da su svi testirani triazoli dokazali efektivnost u inhibiciji porasta
micelija različitih testiranih sojeva roda Fusarium. Ipak, njihova osetljivost je značajno (p<0.05) varirala u zavisnosti od doze i dužine izlaganja pojedinačnim fungicidima. Rezultati su pokazali da su tebukonazol (Raxil i Tébuzole) i kombinacija fludioksonil + difenokonazol u velikoj meri smanjili porast micelija izolata iz roda Fusarium, i to respektivno 84.31%, 82.94% i 81.33%, u poredjenju sa samostalnom primenom difenokonazola (73.16%) u preporučenoj dozi nakon pet dana izlaganja. Što se tiče delovanja na klijanje konidija, tebukonazol je bio efikasniji od kombinacije fludioksonil + difenokonazol, koja je uzrokovala deformacije strukture ćelijskog zida i fragmentaciju konidija. Rezultati su dali korisne informacije kao osnovu za odabir pogodnih fungicida za semenski tretman i suzbijanje fuzarioze klasa kao bolesti pšenice.
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