In vitro sensitivity of Alternaria solani to conventional fungicides and a biofungicide based on tea tree essential oil
Abstract
A study of in vitro sensitivity of five Alternaria solani isolates to cooper-oxychloride,
chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin and a biofungicide based on tea tree
essential oil was carried out. The isolates were obtained from infected tomato leaves
collected from five different locations in Serbia. The tested isolates showed the highest
sensitivity to pyraclostrobin with EC50 values ranging from 0.0014 to 0.0041 μg ml-1. The EC50 values of difenoconazole were 0.018-0.037 μg ml-1, chlorothalonil 2.99-4.54 μg ml-1, and cooper-oxychloride 13.27-15.63 μg ml-1. All tested A. solani isolates were the least sensitive to tea tree oil (1323.97-3307.08 μg l-1).
References
Abbo, A.S.H., Idris, M.O., & ElBalla, M.M.A. (2009). The response of tea tree oil as a biofungicide against early blight disease in tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum)
in Sudan. In Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development (pp. 1-9). University of Hamburg.
Babagoli, M.A., & Behdad, E. (2012). Effects of three essential oils on the growth of the fungus Alternaria solani. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 8(1), 45-57.
Basu, P.K. (1974). Measuring early blight, its progress and influence on fruit losses in nine tomato cultivars. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 54, 45-51.
Brophy, J.J., Davies, N.W., Southwell, I.A., Stiff, I.A., & Williams, L.R. (1989). Gas chromatographic quality control for oil of Melaleuca terpinen-4-ol type (Australian tea tree). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37(5), 1330-1335. doi:10.1021/jf00089a027
Carson, C.F., Hammer, K.A., & Riley, T.V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62. pmid:16418522. doi:10.1128/cmr.19.1.50-62.2006
Datar, V.V., & Mayee, C.D. (1982). Conidial dispersial of Alternaria solani in tomato. Indian Phytopathology, 35, 68-70.
Đorđević, M., Šević, M., Mijatović, M., Todorović, G., & Kostić, M. (2011). In vitro effectiveness of different essential oils in control of Alternaria alternate. Zaštita
bilja/Plant Protection, 62(3), 159-168.
El-Mougy, N. (2009). Effect of some essential oils for limiting early blight (Alternaria solani) development in potato field. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 49(1), 57-62. doi:10.2478/v10045-009-0008-2
Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit analysis, 3rd ed Cambridge, UK: University Press.
Franc, G.D., & Christ, B.J. (2001). Early blight. In W.R. Stevenson, R. Loria, G.D. Franc, & G.D. Weingartner (Eds.), Compendium of Potato Diseases. (pp. 22-23). St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
Ganie, S.A., Ghani, M.Y., Nassar, Q., Jabeen, N., Anjum, Q., Ahanger, F.A., & Ayaz, A. (2013). Status and symptomatology of early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Kashmir valley. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(41), 5104-5115. doi:10.5897/AJAR2013.7338.
Gudmestad, N.C., Arabiat, S., Miller, J.S., & Pasche, J.S. (2013). Prevalence and impact of SDHI fungicide resistance in Alternaria solani. Plant Disease, 97(7), 952-960. doi:10.1094/pdis-12-12-1176-re
Gustafson, J.E., Liew, Y.C., Chew, S., Markham, J.L., Bell, H.C., Wyllie, S.G., & Warmington, J.R. (1998). Effects of tea tree oil on Escherichia coli. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 26(3), 194-198. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00317.x
Holm, A.L., Rivera, V.V., Secor, G.A., & Gudmestad, N.C. (2003). Temporal sensitivity of Alternaria solani to foliar fungicides. American Journal of Potato Research, 80(1), 33-40. doi:10.1007/BF02854554
Jones, J.P., Stall, R.E., & Zitter, T.A. (Eds.) (1997). Compendium of tomato diseases, (2nd ed.). St Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
Lee, S.O., Choi, G.J., Jang, K.S., Lim, H.K., Cho, K.Y., & Kim, J.C. (2007). Antifungal activity of five plant essential oils as fumigant against postharvest and soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology Journal, 23(2), 97-102. doi:10.5423/PPJ.2007.23.2.097
Löcher, F.J., & Lorenz, G. (1991). Methods for monitoring the sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to dicarboximide fungicides. EPPO Bulletin, 21(2), 341-354. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1991.tb01261.x
Markham, J.L. (1999). Biological activity of tea tree oil. In I. Southwell & R. Lowe (Eds.), Tea tree, the genus Melaleuca. (pp. 169-190). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
Mihajlović, M., Rekanović, E., Hrustić, J., Tanović, B., Potočnik, I., Stepanović, M., & Milijašević-Marčić, S. (2013). In vitro and in vivo toxicity of several fungicides and Timorex gold biofungicide to Pythuim aphanidermatum. Pesticides and Phytomedicine, 28(2), 117-123. doi:10.2298/pif1302117m
Parveen, R., Azmi, A.M., Tariq, R.M., Mahmood, S.M., Hijazi, M., Mahmud, S., & Naqvi, S.N.H. (2010). Determination of antifungal activity of Cedrus deodora root oil and its compounds against Candida albicans and Aspergilus fumigatus. Pakistan Journal of Botany,42(5), 3645-3649.
Pasche, J.S., & Gudmestad, N.C. (2008). Prevalence, competitive fitness and impact of the F129L mutation in Alternaria solani from the United States. Crop Protection, 27(3-5), 427-435. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2007.07.011
Pasche, J.S., Piche, L.M., & Gudmestad, N.C. (2005). Effect of the F129L mutation in Alternaria solani on fungicides affecting mitochondrial respiration. Plant Disease, 89(3),
-278. doi:10.1094/pd-89-0269
Pasche, J.S., Wharam, C.M., & Gudmestad, N.C. (2004). Shift in sensitivity of Alternaria solani in response to QoI fungicides. Plant Disease, 88(2), 181-187. doi:10.1094/pdis.2004.88.2.181
Pscheidt, J.W., & Stevenson, W.R. (1988). The critical period for control of early blight (Alternaria solani) of potato. American Potato Journal, 65(8), 425-438. doi:10.1007/BF02854357
Rotem, J. (1998). The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity, 2nd ed. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
Sitara, U., Niaz, I., Naseem, J., & Sultana, N. (2008). Antifungal effect of essential oils on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1), 409-414.
Soković, M.D., Vukojević, J., Marin, P.D., Brkić, D.D., Vajs, V., & van Griensven, L.J.L.D. (2009). Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecules, 14(1), 238-249. doi:10.3390/molecules14010238
Soylu, M.E., Soylu, S., & Kurt, S. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia, 161(2), 119-128. doi:10.1007/s11046-005-0206-z
Stevenson, W.R., & James, R.V. (1999). Evaluation of fungicides to control early blight and late blight of potato (Hancock, 1998). Fungicide and Nematicide Tests, 54, 212-213.
Tanović, B., Milijašević, S., Todorović, B., Potočnik, I., & Rekanović, E. (2005). Toksičnost etarskih ulja za Botrytis cinerea Pers. in vitro. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 20, 109-114.
Tanović, B., Potočnik, I., Delibašić, G., Ristić, M., Kostić, M., & Marković, M. (2009). In vitro effect of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants on mushroom
pathogens: Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa, and Cladobotryum sp. Archives of Biological Sciences, 61(2), 231-237. doi:10.2298/abs0902231t
Töfoli, J.G., Domingues, R.J., & Kurozawa, C. (2003). Acāo in vitro de fungicidas no crescimento micelial e gernimacāo de conidios de Alternaria solani, agente causal da pinta preta do tomateiro. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, 70(3), 337-345.
Wang, H., Tian, J., & Yan, Q. (2008). Comparison of the sensitivity of Alternaria solani which causing tomato late blight to seven fungicides and its baseline sensitivity to difenoconazole. Pesticides Shenyang, 47(4), 294-296.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Pesticidi i fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicine) and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.