Da li gajenje kukuruza u monokultiri pospešuje zakorovljenost divljim sirkom (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.)?
Sažetak
Divlji sirak (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) je vrlo čest korov na poljima u Srbiji. Intenzivna zakorovljenost divljim sirkom ozbiljno ograničava proizvodnju kukuruza, naročito kada se on gaji u monokulturi. Suština borbe protiv ovog korova je pravovremena primena više mera suzbijanja čim se divlji sirak uoči i pre nego što razvije veliku masu rizoma i dobro se ukoreni.
Poljski ogled je izveden u Institutu za kukuruz Zemun Polje, sa ciljem da se utvrdi kako profitom dirigovano gajenje kukuruza u monokulturi utiče na zakorovljenost, naročito na rasprostranjenost i brojnost divljeg sirka, kao i na produktivnost kukuruza. Hibrid ZP 606 je gajen u monokulturi u periodu 2009-2018. godine u gustini od 59.500 biljaka ha-1. Polje pod kukuruzom u monokulturi je podeljeno na deo na kome je primenjivan herbicid pre nicanja useva (isoksaflutol + metolahlor (750 + 960 g am) i deo koji nije bio tretiran - kontrola. Intenzitet zakorovljenosti je određen 4-5 nedelja nakon primene herbicida merenjem broja jedinki vrsta (NI), ukupne sveže biomase (TB) i ukupne suve mase (TDW) svih korova i sveže biomase divljeg sirka (SB) i njegove suve mase (JDW). Žetveni indeks (HI) i prinos zrna (GY) određeni su na kraju vegetacionog perioda kukuruza.
Svi parametri korova u velikoj meri su zavisili od agro-meteorološkoh uslova godine, primene herbicida i njihove interakcije. U proseku, TDW je iznosila 760,7 g m-2 u kontroli i 142,2 g m-2 na tretiranoj parceli, od čega je udeo suve mase divljeg sirka bio 34,8% u kontroli i 48.7% na tretiranoj parceli. Primena herbicida smanjila je suvu masu divljeg sirka prosečno za 77.6%, iako se ona sa godinima povećavala. Prema regresionoj analizi, SDW je negativno uticala na GY (R2= - 0,094) u kontroli, dok se GY povećavao sa smanjenjem SDW u varijanti sa primenjenim herbicidom (R2=-0,4439). Monokulturu kukuruza bi trebalo zameniti plodoredom da bi se sprečilo zakorovljavanje divljim sirkom i postigla veća produktivnost useva.
Reference
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