Ispitivanje primene biofugicida na bazi Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 u suzbijanju prouzrokovača zelene plesni i pospešivanju prinosa šampinjona u industrijskim razmerama
Sažetak
Cilj rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti primene biofungicida na bazi Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 u suzbijanju prouzrokovača zelene plesni i povećanju prinosa šampinjona. Biofungicid je testiran nakon prirodne zaraze Trichoderma aggressivum u komercijalnom gajilištu šampinjona i poređenjem sa fungicidom prohlorazom. Testirana je efikasnost mikrobiološkog biofungicida kroz dva postupka višestruke primene, u tri i u dve ponovljene doze. Najveću statistički značajnu efikasnost u suzbijanju prouzrokovača zelene plesni je ispoljio fungicid prohloraz 71,43%, zatim biofungicid primenjen u tri doze 53,57% i najmanju primenjen u dve doze
46,45%. Efikasnost B. subtilis Ch-13 u suzbijanju prouzrokovača zelene plesni je bila veća od 50% kada je primenjen u tri doze, za razliku od niže efikasnosti u dvokratnoj primeni. Testirani B. subtilis Ch-13 je značajnije povećao prinos šampinjona primenjen u tri podeljene doze nego u dve, iako sa istom ukupnom primenjenom količinom preparata. Biofungicid je znatno poboljšao prinos u poređenju sa netretiranom kontrolom i fungicidom prohlorazom. Soj B. subtilis Ch-13 je pokazao izuzetno pozitivan uticaj na prinos šampinjona primenjen u tri doze, sa povećanjem ukupne količine ubranih šampinjona 8,41% u odnosu na netretiranu kontrolu i 10,53% u odnosu na fungicid prohloraz. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da bi biofungicid na bazi B. subtilis Ch-13 trebalo primeniti u tri podeljene doze: 30 ml (drugi dan nakon stavljanja pokrivke) + 15 ml (dve nedelje nakon stavljanja pokrivke) + 15 ml (nakon prvog talasa plodonošenja, 20-25 dana nakon pokrivanja). Biofungicid B. subtilis Ch-13, neškodljiv za životnu sredinu i neciljne organizme, bi trebalo dalje ispitati u zajedničkoj primeni sa hemijskim fungicidima u različitim načinima primene da bi se obezbedila bolja efikasnost u suzbijanju prouzrokovača bolesti, jer je pokazao zadovoljavajuće osobine i u sprečavanju
širenja mikopatogena T. aggressivum i povećanju prinosa.
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