Efikasnost spinosada i abamektina za različite populacije kestenjastog brašnara Tribolium castaneum Herbst u tretiranoj pšenici u zrnu
Sažetak
U laboratorijskim uslovima (25±1ºC i 60±5% r.v.v.) je ispitivana efikasnost spinosada i abamektina za adulte kestenjastog brašnara iz laboratorijske populacije, normalno osetljive na kontaktne insekticide, i populacija Nikinci i Jakovo, rezistentne na malation. Za sve testirane populacije insekticidi su naneti na po 500 g netretirane pšenice u zrnu u istim dozama: 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,5 i 5,0 mg a.m./kg. Posle nanošenja insekticida tretirana pšenica je deljena na tri jednaka dela da bi sutradan u svaku ispitivanu količinu, posebno, bilo ubacivano po 50 adulta kestenjastog brašnara svih testiranih populacija. Smrtnost je utvrđivana posle 7, 14 i 21 dana izlaganja u tretiranoj pšenici u zrnu.
Generalno, sa povećanjem doza i intervala izlaganja povećava se efikasnost oba insekticida, s tim da je abamektin značajno efikasniji od spinosada za sve tri testirane populacije. Posle 7 dana izlaganja ni u jednoj ispitivanoj varijanti nije utvrđena smrtnost veća od 30%, dok je posle 14 dana najveća smrtnost utvrđena kod laboratorijske populacije (75%), u pšenici tretiranoj najvišom dozom (5 mg/kg) spinosada, dok je tretman istom dozom abamektina najveću smrtnost (58%) prouzrokovao kod laboratorijske i populacije Jakovo. Posle 21 dana spinosad je najveću smrtnost ostvario primenom doze od 5 mg/kg kod laboratorijske populacije (97%), a zatim kod populacija Jakovo (88%) i Nikinci (87%). Abamektin je u dozama 2,5 i 5 mg/kg prouzrokovao visoku smrtnost (94-100%) adulta iz laboratorijske i populacije Jakovo i statistički značajno nižu smrtnost adulta iz Nikinaca (75 i 86%).
Utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u efikasnosti spinosada i posebno abamektina, između testiranih populacija, gde su najznačajnije razlike utvrđene između laboratorijske populacije i populacije Nikinci, jasno pokazuju da rezistentnost adulta kestenjastog brašnara na malation značajno utiče na efikasnost spinosada i, posebno, abamektina.
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