Suzbijanje epidemija bakterijskog uvenuća (Ralstonia solanacearum) đumbira primenom solarizacije zemljišta i botaničkog malčiranja u Tepi, jugozapadna Etiopija
Sažetak
Đumbir je jedna od najprofitabilnijih kultura za uzgajivače u različitim delovima Etiopije. Bakterijsko uvenuće, koje prouzrokuje Ralstonia solanacearum, ograničava proizvodnju đumbira u Etiopiji. Značajni gubici usled ove bolesti javljaju se redovno, stvarajući dodatne prepreke u područjima zaraze. Ogledi su izvedeni u Tepi, jugozapadna Etiopija, tokom proizvodnih sezona 2019. i 2020. kako bi se procenili efekti solarizacije zemljišta i botaničkog malčiranja na epidemiju bakterioznog uvenuća đumbira. Četiri perioda solarizacije u trajanju od dve, četiri, šest i osam nedelja pre sadnje integrisana su sa četiri tretmana malčiranjem nakon sadnje i to
biljkama: vetiver, limunova trava, kineski vlašac i lantana (Lantana camara). Kontrolne parcele nisu solarizovane, niti malčirane. Tretmani su uređeni faktorijalno u nasumičnom kompletnom blok sistemu sa tri ponavljanja. Rezultati su pokazali da je integrisana primena solarizacije zemljišta i malčiranja limunovom travom značajno smanjila srednje vrednosti za učestalost bakterijskog uvenuća i to od 22.1% do 42.2%, u odnosu na kontrolne parcele. Ovi tretmani su drastično smanjili AUDPC i stopu napredovanja bolesti. Solarizacija u trajanju od osam nedelja integrisana sa malčiranjem limunovom travom dala je najnižu (42.2%) konačnu srednju vrednost stepena oboljevanja, kao i AUDPC (33.8%), u poređenju sa kontrolom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da integrisana primena solarizacije i botaničkog malčiranja efikasno usporava epidemije bakterijskog uvenuća i omogućava oporavak proizvodnje đumbira i njegove produktivnosti, pa se stoga preporučuju za primenu u području istraživanja zajedno sa ostalim metodama zaštite useva.
Reference
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