Uticaj praćenja brojnosti i vrsta biljnih vaši kao vektora virusa na proizvodnju semenskog krompira u Srbiji
Sažetak
Biljne vaši su najznačajniji vektori virusa krompira u toku vegetacije. Od važnijih virusa u smislu rasprostranjenosti i štetnosti, Y virus krompira biljne vaši prenose na neperzistentan, a virus uvijenosti lišća krompira na perzistentan način. Ova dva virusa predstavljaju najveći problem u proizvodnji krompira i ograničavajući su činilac proizvodnje semenskog krompira u Srbiji i regionu i mnogim državama sveta. Posebno je štetan Y virus s obzirom na njegovu rasprostranjenost i brzinu širenja.
U sistemu proizvodnje semenskog krompira, u dobro uređenom i kontrolisanom semenarstvu, jedna u nizu mera suzbijanja virusa jeste i monitoring biljnih vaši odnosno praćenje vremena pojave, brojnosti i vrsta krilatih formi biljnih vaši radi prognoze viroza. Time se prognozira vreme mogućih infekcija biljaka i zaražavanja krtola. Monitoringom biljnih vaši, vektora virusa, odredjuje se optimalno vreme za uništavanje nadzemne mase krompira kada se pojave krilate vrste vaši koje su vektori ekonomski štetnih virusa u većem broju od uobičajenog. Uništavanjem nadzemne mase krompira smanjuje se rizik od eventualne zaraze biljaka i translokacije virusa iz cime u krtolu i na taj način se sprečava da procenat zaraženih krtola pređe granicu dozvoljenu za određenu kategoriju semenskog krompira. Ova mera ima pozitivnog efekta ako se primenjuje uz druge mere koje su značajne za suzbijanje viroza. Ako se druge mere ne sprovode, onda ova mera može biti bez ikakvog efekta.
Sadržaj ovoga rada predstavlja integralno razmatranje problematike efekta i značaja
praćenja vremena pojave, brojnosti i vrsta biljnih vaši na vreme prekida vegetacije krompira radi sprečavanja zaraze biljaka, translokacije virusa i zaražavanja krtola u uslovima Srbije i regiona.
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