Vrste roda Sclerotinia u Srbiji i mogućnosti njihovog suzbijanja
Sažetak
Vrste roda Sclerotinia su polifagne, nekrotrofne fitopatogene gljive koje izazivaju ekonomski značajne štete u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji širom sveta. Poseduju sposobnost širenja vazdušnim putem i putem zemljišta, a mogu se prenositi i semenskim materijalom. Vrste ovog roda ugrožavaju biljnu proizvodnju tokom perioda vegetacije, ali i nakon skladištenja, a gubici koji nastaju mogu dostići i 100%. Najzastupljenija vrsta roda Sclerotinia u Srbiji je Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Redovno se javlja na suncokretu i u pojedinim godinama može izazvati štete i preko 50%. Nedavno su u Srbiji opisane dve nove vrste ovog roda: Sclerotinia trifolium na lucerki i Sclerotinia minor na biljkama zelene salate. Suzbijanje vrsta roda Sclerotinia je vrlo izazovno, zbog sklerocija, tvorevina za preživljavanje, koje se mogu održati dugi niz godina u zemljištu, ali i zbog prisustva askospora u vazduhu. Kao i kod mnogih drugih prouzrokovača bolesti, ne postoji jedinstven tretman koji može u potpunosti suzbiti ili eliminisati patogene ovog roda. Implementacijom različitih strategija, kao što su primena agrotehničkih mera, hemijska i biološka zaštita, moguće je uticati na širenje bolesti uzrokovanih Sclerotinia spp.
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