Delovanje salicilne kiseline kao elicitora na biljne vaši u pšenici i otkrivanje zaraženosti infracrvenom termovizijskom kamerom, Ismailia, Egipat

  • mahmoud farag mahmoud Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia
  • Hatem M. Mahfouz Plant Production Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Suez Canal University El-Arish
Ključne reči: Aphids||, ||Biljne vaši, Wheat||, ||Pšenica, Infestation||, ||Zaraženost, Salicylic acids||, ||Salicilna kiselina, Thermal imaging||, ||Termovizija,

Sažetak


Pšenica (Triticum sativum L.) je jedna od najvažnijih žitarica u Egiptu. Štetni insekti, kao što su biljne vaši, predstavljaju pretnju u pogledu smanjenja prinosa. Otpornost indukovana kod pšenice folijarnom primenom salicilne kiseline ispitivana je u polju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Univerziteta Suez Canal u Egiptu tokom sezona 2012/2013 i 2013/2014. Tri sorte pšenice: Gemesa 9, Sakha 93 i Giza 168 prskane su tri puta koncentracijama salicilne kiseline (SA) od 200 mg/l i 100 mg/l nakon otkrivanja zaraze biljnim vašima korišćenjem infracrvene termovizijske kamere.
Tehnika infracrvene termovizije zasniva se na značajnim razlikama u temperaturi površine zaraženih i zdravih listova. Dobijaju se digitalne slike, a računarski program omogućava brzo otkrivanje zaraze. Rezultati su pokazali da zaraza biljnim vašima povećava temperaturu zaraženih listova, u poređenju sa zdravim listovima. Opseg razlike između maksimalne i minimalne temperature (At) bio je 1.1 ºC kod zdravih listova i 3.9 ºC kod zaraženih listova. Rezultati primene SA pokazali su značajne razlike u srednjim vrednostima za broj biljnih vaši i smanjenje zaraženosti među tretmanima i sortama. Viša od dve ispitivane koncentracije SA (200 mg/l) postigla je višu efikasnost kod sve tri sorte nego niža koncentracija (100 mg/l) tokom ogleda koji je trajao pet nedelja. Najviša efikasnost u suzbijanju biljnih vaši postignuta je jednu nedelju nakon primene (86,28% za sortu Giza, 85,89% za Gemesa i 70,54% za Sakha, respektivno). Pored toga, primena SA dovela je do povećanja prinosa sve tri sorte u odnosu na kontrolu. Sve tri sorte (Giza, Gemesa i Sakha) imale su više prinose nego kontrola nakon
primene 200 mg/l SA. Uporedni prinos zrna je bio 2.491,5, 2.455,0 i 2.327,25 kg/fed.  Može se zaključiti da se tehnika infracrvene termovizije može koristiti za otkrivanje zaraženih listova. Takođe, primena SA u pšenici indukuje otpornost na biljne vaši.

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2015/07/30
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mahmoud, mahmoud farag, & Mahfouz, H. M. (2015). Delovanje salicilne kiseline kao elicitora na biljne vaši u pšenici i otkrivanje zaraženosti infracrvenom termovizijskom kamerom, Ismailia, Egipat. Pesticides and Phytomedicine / Pesticidi I Fitomedicina, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.2298/pif.v30i2.7932
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