Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants

Bogdan Nikolić; Hadi Waisi; Sanja Đurović; Miloš Dugalić; Vladan Jovanović

Bogdan Nikolić Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, Belgrade
Hadi Waisi Fakultet za ekologiju i zaštitu životne sredine, Univerzitet Union - Nikola Tesla, Cara Dušana 62-64, Beograd
Sanja Đurović Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Teodora Drajzera 9, Beograd
Miloš Dugalić Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Teodora Drajzera 9, Beograd
Vladan Jovanović Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 10080 Beograd

Ključne reči: pesticidi; đubriva; usevi; prinos; nutritivna vrednost; stres biljke

Sažetak

Analizirali smo različite aspekte primene agrohemikalija (pesticida i folijarnih nestandardnih
đubriva) na hranjivu vrednost i ostale karakteristike useva, pored prinosa. Istraživanje je
zasnovano na rezultatima našeg i rezultatima ispitivanja drugih istraživača. Analizirani su različiti
parametri rasta biljaka i sadnica i njihov prinos, kao i hemijski sastav, a takođe i energetski i
termodinamički parametri biljaka, kako bi se bolje procenio uticaj ispitivanih agrohemikalija
na useve. Pre svega, utvrđeno je da primena različitih agrohemikalija utiče na klijanje semena
koje proizvode tretirane biljke. Najznačajniji i najraznolikiji rezultati dobijeni su analizom
prinosa i komponenata prinosa mnogih različitih kultura (useva, voća, povrća), kao i njihovog
hemijskog sastava (mineralnih elemenata, različitih šećera, sekundarnih metabolita, itd.) u
smislu poboljšanja nutritivnog kvaliteta. Takođe je utvrđeno da u biljkama kukuruza dolazi
do promene sadržaja različitih elemenata, zatim polifenolnih profila, kao i termodinamičkih
parametara, pri čemu taj efekat ne zavisi samo od doziranja agrohemikalija, već i od genotipa
kukuruza. Takođe smo otkrili da agrohemikalije utiču na energetske i termodinamičke
parametre pojedinih biljaka kukuruza, kao i na parametre rasta i prinosa biljke. Primećeno je
da ove agrohemikalije izuzetno utiču na sadržaj mikroelemenata, skroba i sirovih proteina u
kukuruzu i ječmu, šećera i polifenola u raznim voćkama, kao i u soji, pri čemu napominjemo
da su u nekim agroekološkim situacijama ove agrohemikalije dovele do spektakularnih
uvećanja prinosa različitih kultura, ali bilo je i situacija kada nisu imale pozitivnog efekta na
prinos, o čemu će biti reči, takođe u kontekstu rezultata drugih istraživača.

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Neki aspekti uticaja pesticida i đubriva na nutritivnu vrednost i druge karakteristike gajenih biljaka

Sažetak

Reference