INTEGRATIVE MULTICULTURALISM IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Abstract
The author analyzes the policy and practice of integrative multiculturalism in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the consequences of which are still noticeable today. The numerous mechanisms that made up the structure of integrative multiculturalism in the former SFRY today represent some of the main goals from which minority groups in Serbia proceed and strive. An analysis of the historical context and the state constitution of the former state of Yugoslavia clearly indicates the existence of the practice of integrative multiculturalism in various forms, which as such represented the state's political response to "diversity", but also a significant ideological and political concept of the ruling elites. Integrative multiculturalism was present starting from the Congress of Berlin (1878) when the provisions on religious freedom were adopted and imposed on the Balkan states - Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, by France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, through the formation of the First Yugoslavia (1918–1945) or the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and then the Second Yugoslavia (1945–1992), the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRJ) which in 1963 changed its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992), which was followed by a period of interethnic wars in the Yugoslav federation for which integrative multiculturalism is considered responsible.
References
Bašić, Goran. 2017. „Multikulturalizam: kako dalje?” Forum za sigurnosne studije, vol. 1 (1): 33-43.
Bolčić, Silvano.1981. Razvoj teritorijalnih zajednica. Beograd: Institut za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta.
Inglis, Christine. 1996. Multiculturalism: New Policy Responses to Diversity. UNESCO Policy Papers 4.
Eriksen, Džans Martin i Frederik Stjernfelt. 2013. Demokratske kontradikcije multikulturalizma. Beograd: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji.
Žanin Čalić, Mari. 2013. Istorija Jugoslavije u 20. veku. Beograd: CLIO.
Jović, Dejan. 2024. Uvod u Jugoslaviju. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga.
Kivisto, Piter. 2002. Multiculturalism in Global Society, New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing.
Kimlika, V. 2002. „Odgovor i zaključak.” U: Može li se izvoziti liberalni pluralizam?, ur. V. Kimlika i M. Opalski, 301–359. Beograd: Beogradski centar za ljudska prava.
Kymlicka, Will. 2007. Multicultural Odysseyes. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cosovschi, Agustin. 2015. Between the Nation and Socialism in Yugoslavia. The Debate between Dobrica Ćosić and Dušan Pirjevec in the 1960s, Slovansky prehled 101.
Marković, Predrag. 2001. „Odnos partije i Tita prema jugoslovenskom i nacionalnom identitetu.” U: Identitet: Srbi i/ili Jugosloveni, ur. Laslo Sekelj. 13–52. Beograd: Institut za evropske studije.
Milenković, Miloš. 2013. „Jugoslovenski multikulturalizam.” U: Ogledi o jugoslovenskom kulturnom nasleđu, ur. Ivan Kovačević, 109–123. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet.
Milosavljević Stević, Milena. 2023. Održivi oblici multikulturalizma u Srbiji. Doktorska disertacija. Univerzitet u Beogradu: Fakultet političkih nauka.
Mesić, Milan. 2012. „Je li (njemački) multikulturalizam mrtav?” U: Aporije multikulturalizma, ur. A. Lošonc i D. Prole. 11-31. Novi Sad: Mediteran.
Mušović, Ejup. 1996. „Položaj Muslimana u Srbiji.” U: Položaj nacionalnih manjina u SRJ, ur. M. Macura i V. Stanovčić, 743–751. Beograd: SANU.
Obradović, Žarko. 2002. Manjine na Balkanu. Beograd: Čigoja.
Pandurević, Vinko. 2021. Etnonacionalna homogenizacija na post-jugoslovenskom prostoru/ Ethno-national homogenization in the post-Yugoslav area. International journal of economics and law. [Onlajn izd.]. vol. 11, no. 32. 74–85.
Pavković, Aleksandar. 1998. „Multikulturalizam kao uvod u rasparčavanje države: slučaj Jugoslavije.“ U: Sociološki pregled, vol. XXXII, br. 2, 155–170. Beograd: Sociološko društvo Srbije i Institut društvenih nauka.
Protić, Milan. 2015. Velika iluzija: život i smrt Jugoslavije. Beograd: Colorgrafx.
Popov, Nebojša. 1993. „Građanski rat kao reka ponornica.” U: Filozofija i društvo IV. 188–189. Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Paul, Shoup. 1989. Communism and Yugoslav National Question, East Central Europian Studies of Columbia University, New York and London.
Prato, Giuliana. (2009). Beyond Multiculturalism: Views from Antropology. UK: University of Kent.
Stanković-Pejnović, Vesna. 2010. „Mogu li „nacionalne države” na Balkanu negirati multikulturalizam?“. U: Sociološka luča IV/2, 103–115.
Stojković, M. (1998). „Uvodne napomene.” U: Položaj nacionalnih manjina u SRJ, ur. M. Macura i V. Stanovčić, 489–499. Beograd: SANU.
Tadić, Ljubomir. 1993. „Permanentni građanski rat.” U: Filozofija i društvo IV. 184–188. Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Fukujama, Frensis. 2022. Identitet. Podgorica: CID.
Wieviorka, Michel. 1998. „Is multiculturalism the solution?”, Ethnic and racial studies, vol. 21, no. 5.