The Influence of Islam on International Law: What is at Stake?

  • Dragan M Gollubovic Univerzitet Educons, Fakultet poslovne ekonomije, Sremska Kamenica

Sažetak


This article sets out to examine the overall influence of Islam on International Law (also referred to as Public International Law or the Law of Nations). More specifically, it provides a critical overview of sources and rules governing conduct of war and peace in Islam, and its arguably positive influence on the development of International Law. This undertaking serves a broader purpose of discerning reasons as to why radical (miss) reading of Islam, whichin violation of International Lawcalls for all out jihad against non-Muslims, has gained in popularity in the last several decades. Special attention in this respect is given to a lack of legitimacy of governments in the Middle East as a source of religious radicalization, as well as policy measures those governments need to put in place, in order for a more progressive understanding of Islam to prevail across the board.

 

Key words: Islam, International Law, Jihad, Middle East, Political Legitimacy, Political Reforms 

Biografija autora

Dragan M Gollubovic, Univerzitet Educons, Fakultet poslovne ekonomije, Sremska Kamenica
Vanredni profesor na predmetima Poslovno pravo i Uvod u pravo i institucije EU.

Reference

Amnesty International (2016) Annual Report.

Charter of the Organization of Islamic Conference (1972)

Charter of the United Nations (1945)

Convention for the Amelioration of the Conditions of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, August 12, 1949.

Convention for the Amelioration of the Conditions of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, Aug. 12, 1949.

Convention Relative to Treatment of Prisoners of War, August 12, 1949; Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilians in Time of War, August 12, 1949.

Freedom House (2017) Freedom in the World.

Human Rights Watch (2016) World Report.

Institute for Economics and Peace (2016) Global Terrorism Index Report.

International Court of Justice, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 1. C.J. Reports 1996, p. 226, at http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/95/095-19960708-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf

International Labour Organization-ILO (2015 Global Employment Trends for Youth, Geneva.

Pew Research Center (2011), www.pewglobal. org/2011/05/17/arab-spring-fails-to-improve-us-image/4/#chapter-3-views-of-democracy-and-the-role-of-islam.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.

Transparency International (2016) People and Corruption, Middle East and North Africa Survey.

UNDP (2016) Arab Human Development Report: Youth and the Prospects for Human Development in a Changing Reality, New York.

United Nation Development Program–UNDP (2011) Arab Development Challenges Report (2011), New York.

Ahmad, Muhammad Idress (2014) The Road to Iraq: The Making of a Neoconservatives War, Edinburgh University Press.

Aksikas, Jaafar (2009) Arab Modernities: Islamism, Nationalism, and Liberalism in the Post-Colonial Arab World. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.

Ali, Norfadhilah Mohd at al (2011) "When Civilians Cross the Line: The International and Islamic Law Perspective”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 21.

Ali, Shaheen Sardar (2010) “Resurrecting Siyar through Fatwas? (Re)constructing ‘Islamic International Law’ in Post (Iraq)-Invasion World”. In: Islam and Europe, Crises are Challenges (ed. M.C. Foblets and J. Y. Carlie). Leuven University Press.

Ali, Shaheen Sardar and Rehman, Javaid (2005) “The Concept of Jihad in Islamic International Law”. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, Vol. 10 No. 3.

Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2002) A History of Saudi Arabia, Cambridge University Press.

Al-Zuhili, Sheikh Wahbeh (2005) “Islam and International Law”. International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 87, No. 858.

Asseburg, Muriel (2017) “Protest, Revolt and Regime Change in the Arab World”. SWP Research Paper, Berlin.

Badr, Gamal M. (1982) “A Survey of Islamic International Law”. 76 Proceedings of the American Society of International Law.

Barnidge, Robert P. Jr (2010) “Islam and International Humanitarian Law: A Question of Compatibility?”. Israeli Year Book on Human Rights.

Bassiouni, Cherif and Badr, Gamal M. (2002) “The Shari'ah: Sources, Interpretation, and Rule Making”. 1 UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif (2007) “Evolving Approaches to Jihad: From Self-Defense to Revolutionary and Regime-Change Political Violence”. 8(1) Chicago Journal of International Law.

Ben-Naftali, Orna, Gross, Aeyal M. and Michaeli, Keren (2005) “Illegal Occupation: Framing the Occupied Palestinian Territory”. Berkeley Journal of International Law, Volume 23, Issue 3.

Bennoure, Karima (1994) “As Salamy Alaykum? Humanitarian Law in Islamic Jurisprudence”. Michigan Journal of International Law.

Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar (2000) The Theory of the State. Kitchener: Batoche Books.

Boisard, Marcel A. (1980) “On the Probable Influence of Islam on Western Public and International Law”. International Journal of Middle East Studies.

Bouzenita, Anke Iman (2007) “The Siyar – An Islamic Law of Nations?”. Asian Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 35.

Buttorf, Gail Jeanne (2011) Legitimacy and the politics of opposition in the Middle East and North Africa, University of Iowa (P.H.D. thesis). http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2510&context=etd.

Cockayne, James (2002) “Islam and international humanitarian law: From a clash to a conversation between civilizations”. IRRC, Vol. 84, No. 847.

Commins, David (2006) The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia, L.B. Tauris, (London, New York).

Cox, Neville (2013) “The Clash of Unprovable Universalisms— International Human Rights and Islamic Law”. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion , Vol. 2, No. 2.

Draper, G.I.A.D. (1965) “The Interaction of Christianity and Chivalry in the Historical Development of the Law of War”. 46 International Review of Red Cross 3.

Glaub, Florence (2012) “Understanding Instability: Lessons for the ‘Arab Spring’”. AHRC Public Policy Series No 9.

Glen, Rangwala (2006) “Critical Commentary: The Assumption of Democracy”. The Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Volume 19, Number 2.

Hamidullah, Mohammad (2001) Islamic Worlds: Inter-state Relations. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.

Hourani, Albert (2013) A History of the Arab Peoples. London:Faber and Faber.

Huntington, Samuel P. (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Hurd, Elizabeth Shakman (2003) Appropriating Islam: The Islamic Other in the Consolidation of Western Modernity, Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies.

Ibn al Hassan al-Shaybani, Muhammad (1998) The Shorter Book of Muslim International Law: edited, translated and annotated by Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi. Islamic Research Institute: Islamabad, 3 [Ghazi, Introduction to the Shorter Book of Muslim International Law].

Ibn Khaldun, Zahid (2015) The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. The Classic Islamic History of the World (translated and introduced by Franz Rosenthal), Princeton University Press.

Islami, Islam (2016) “Political History of Modern Egypt”. Iliria International Review, Vol. 6. No. 1.

Jennings, Robert, Arthur Watts (1992), Oppenhaim’s International Law, 9th edition, Longman Group U.K. Limited, Vol. 1,

Jankins, Mark W. (ed.) (1991) The influence of religion on the development of international Law.

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim, (2003) Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Cambridge Islamic Texts Society.

Khadduri, Majid (1956) “Islam and the Modern Law of Nations”. 50 American Journal of International Law.

Lipka, Michael (2017) Muslims and Islam: key findings in the U.S and around the world, Pew Research Centre.

Makdisi, Georg (1979) “Sunnis School of Law in Islamic Religious History”. International Journal of Middle East Studies X.

Marboe, Irgmand (2013) “Promoting the Rule of Law: UN, OIC and ILA Initiatives Approaching Islamic Law”. Islam and International Law, Engaging Self-Centrism from a Plurality of Perspectives, Leiden, Boston, edited by M. L. Frick and A. Th. Muller.

McCants, William (2015) The ISIS Apocalypse, McMillan Publishers.

Moinuddin, Hasan (1987) The Charter of the Islamic Conference and Legal Framework of Economic Co-operation among its Member States. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Moschtaghi, R. (2009) “The Relationship between International Law, Islamic Law and Constitutional Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran – A Multilayer System of Conflict?”. Marx Planck Year Book of the United Nations, ed. A. von Bogdandy, R. Wolfrum.

Muasher, Marwan (2014) The Second Arab Awakening and the Battle for Pluralism. Yale University Press.

Munir, Muhammad (2007) “Islamic International Law (Siyar): Introduction”. Human Rights Conflict Prevention Centre, vol. 7, No. 1-2.

Mushkat, Roda (1987) “Is War Ever Justifiable? A Comparative Survey”. Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal.

Özekin, Muhammed Kürşad and Akkaş, Hasan Hüseyin (2014) “An Empirical Look To The Arab Spring: Causes And Consequences”. Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 13, No. 1-2.

Phillips, Jonathan (2008) The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. Yale University Press.

Philpott, Daniel (2007) “Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion”. 101 American Political Science Review.

Poshter, Jacoub In Nations with Significant Muslim Population Much Disdain for ISIS, Pew Research Center, November 2015,

Rollins, John (2011) “Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global Presence, and Implications for U.S. Policy”. International Journal of Terrorism and Political Hot Spots, Volume 6, Number 3.

Row, Bedford (2015) The History of the Muslim Brotherhood. London.

Sachedina, Abdulaziz (2007) “The Clash of Universalisms: Religious and Secular in Human Rights”. The Hedgehog Review.

Said, Edward W. (2003) Preface to the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Edition, Orientalism. New York: Vintage.

Sardar, Ziaudin (2015) Reading the Qur’an. London:C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.

Schanzer, Jonathan and Miller, Steven (2002) Facebook Fatwa: Saudi Clerics, Wahhabi Islam, and Social Media. Washington: FDD Press.

Sedgwick, Mark (2004) “Al Qaeda and the Nature of Religious Terrorism”. Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence, 4, Vol. 16.

Sharaby, Hisham (1988) Neopatriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society. Oxford University Press,

Shihade, Magid (2012) “On the Difficulty in Predicting and Understanding the Arab Spring: Orientalism, Euro-Centrism, and Modernity”. International Journal of Peace Studies, Volume 17, Number 2.

Stumpf, Cristoph. A. (2005) “Christian and Islamic Traditions of Public International Law”. Journal of the History of International Law 7.

The Holly Qur’an, translated by M. S. Ali (2004), Islam International Publications Limited.

The International Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1976), Vol. II, Part Two.

Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. (1992) The History of Modern Egypt: From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak. John Hopkins University Press.

Von Purgstall, Joseph Hammer (1827) Jahrbuecher der Literatur 40. Vienna, cited by Munir.

Westbrook, David (1992-1993) “Islamic Law and Public International Law: Separate Expressions of World Order”. 33 Virginia Journal of International Law.

Yousaf, Omar (2012) “‘Ihl’ as Islamic Humanitarian Law: A Comparative Analysis of International Humanitarian Law & Islamic Military Jurisprudence Amidst Changing Historical Contexts”. Florida Journal of International Law, Vol. 24.

Zahid, Muhammad Anowar and Shapiee, Rohimi (2010) “Customs As a Source of Siyar and International Law: A Comparison of the Qualifying Criteria”. International Journal of Civil Society Law, Vol. VIII, Issue 1.

Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilians in Time of War, August 12, 1949.

Objavljeno
2019/02/05
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Originalni naučni članak