PRAVO NA ANONIMNI POROĐAJ NASPRAM PRAVA DETETA NA IDENTITET
Sažetak
Pravo deteta na identitet, međunarodno priznato Konvencijom UN o pravima deteta, jedno je od najvažnijih iz korpusa prava koja su priznata deci. Osim toga, njegova struktura je složena budući da obuhvata više užih prava. Pa ipak, situacije u kojima dolazi do ograničenja prava na identitet nisu zanemarljive. Jedna od njih je i pravo na anonimni porođaj, kao mogućnost priznata od strane zakonodavca u izvesnom broju evropskih država. Suprotstavljeni interesi majke i deteta su neminovna posledica anonimnog porođaja.
Cilj rada je poređenje prava deteta na identitet i prava majke na anonimni porođaj kao nepremostive prepreke utvrđivanju biološkog porekla. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje mogućnosti uspostavljanja adekvatne ravnoteže između njihovih interesa poređenjem značaja koji nacionalni pravni sistemi pružaju svakom od njih, uz odgovarajuće argumente. Prikazano je nekoliko različitih modela regulisanja zasnivanja materinstva koji se mogu pronaći u evropskim zakonodavstvima. Analiza, takođe, obuhvata i stavove međunarodnih organa, a naročito Evropskog suda za ljudska prava.
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PROPISI
Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima – European Convention on Human Rights of 04 November 1950.
Konvencije UN o pravima deteta – Convetion on the Rights of the Child 44/25 of 20 November 1989.
Committee on the rights of the child, Consideration of reports submitted by states partis under article 44 of the convention, France, UN doc. CRC/C/15/Add. 20, (25 April 1994).
Porodični zakon Srbije, glasnik RS, br. 18/05, 72/11 i 6/15.
Zakona o ratifikaciji Konvencije Ujedinjenih Nacija o pravima deteta, list SFRJ – Međunarodni ugovori, br. 15/90 i Sl. list SRJ – Međunarodni ugovori, br. 4/96 i 2/97.
Zakon o matičnim knjigama, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 20/09, 145/14 i 47/18.
SUDSKA PRAKSA
EctHR, Gaskin v. U.K., no. 10454/83, Judgement of 7 July 1989.
EctHR, Bensaid v.K., no. 44599/98, Judgement of 6 February 2001.
EctHR, Odièvre v. France, no. 42326/98, Judgement of 13 February 2003 [GC].
EctHR, Jaggi v. Switzerland, no. 58757/00, Judgement of 13 July
EctHR, Godelli v. Italy, 33783/09, Judgement of 25 September 2012.
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