DOCUMENT SERVING THE CONCLUSION OF A CONTRACT AND CONVEYANCE OF A RIGHT: INTERWEAVING OF THE ROMAN AND GREEK LEGAL TRADITIONS IN BYZANTINE PRIVATE LAW
Sažetak
The purchase contract, often referred to as sale and purchase (πρᾶσις καὶ
ἀγορασία) as an illustration of its twofold nature derived from the Roman legal
tradition, or simply as sale (πρᾶσις), is suitable for analyzing different legal issues. In
light of typical Byzantine document named πρατήριον ἔγγραφον, we aim to define
the nature of purchase contract in this medieval legal system. Diplomatic formulae
contain data about consensus of contractual parties, as well as the fact that a
document was drafted “for security”, which raises the question of solemnity of this
contract. The role the deed has is also discussed in the paper, as in some cases it is
uncertain whether the composition and delivery of the document also implied the
passing of title. Applied methodological approach takes into account the linguistic
interpretation of documentary clauses and legal provisions in codes, and relies on
comparative-historical method.
Reference
Bibliography
1. Arangio Ruiz, V., 1927, Lineamenti del sistema contrattuale nel diritto del papyri,
Milano, Pubblicazioni della Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
2. Bénou, L., 2012, Pour une nouvelle histoire du droit Byzantin, théorie et pratique
juridiques au XIVe siècle, Paris, Pierre Belon.
3. Brandileone, F., Puntoni V., 1895, Prochiron Legum, Rome.
4. Brandileone, F., 1904, La „traditio per cartam” (παράδοσις δι’ ἐγγράφου) nel diritto
bizantino, Studi in onore di Vittorio Scialoja, pp. 2–26.
5. Brandileone, F., Puntoni, V., 1895, Prochiron legume, publicato secondo il Codice
vaticano Greco 845, Roma, Forzani e.c.
6. Brunner, H., 1877, Carta und Notitia: ein Beitrag zur Rechtsgeschichte der germanischen
Urkunde, Theodori Mommseni Scripserunt Amici, pp. 570–589.
7. Бубало, Ђ., 2004, Српски номици, Београд, Византолошки институт САНУ
(Bubalo, Đ., 2004, Srpski nomici, Beograd, Vizantološki institut SANU).
8. Burgmann, L., 1983, Ecloga – das Gesetzbuch Leons III und Konstantinos’ V,
Frankfurt am Main, Löwenklau Gesellschaft e.V.
9. Cohen, E., Consensual contracts at Athens, in: Rupprecht, H. A., 2006, Symposion
2003. Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rech, Vienna, Verlag der Österreichischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 73–92.
10. Dölger, F. 1929–30, H. Steinacher – Die antiken Grundlagen der frühmittelalterlichen
Privaturkunden (Beschprechungen), Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 29, pp.
324–329.
11. Dölger, F., 1956, Byzantinische Diplomatik, Ettal, Buch–Kunstverlag.
12. Ferrari, G., 1910, I documenti greci medioevali di diritto privato dell’ Italia meridionale,
Leipzig, B. G. Teubner.
13. Freshfield, E. H., 1927, A Revised Manual of Roman Law: Founded upon the Ecloga
of Leo III and Constantine V, of Isauria, Ecloga Privata Aucta, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press.
14. Knopf, E., 2005, Contracts in Athenian Law, doctoral dissertation, City University
of New York.
15. Krüger, P., 1867, Justinian Institutions Imperatoris Iustiniani Institutiones, Berlin,
Weidmann.
16. Krüger, P., 1877, Codes Iustinianus, Berlin, Weidmann.
17. Lefort, J. et al, 1994, Acted Actes d’Iviron, Vol. III, Paris, P. Lethielleux.
18. Lemerle, P. et al., 1979, Actes de Lavra, Vol. III, Paris, P. Lethielleux.
19. Lingenthal, Z. von, 1892, Geschichte des Griechisch-Römischen Privatrechts, Berlin,
Weidmann.
20. Margetić, L., 1973, O javnoj vjeri i dispozitivnosti srednjovjekovnih notarskih
isprava s osobitim obzirom na hrvatske primorske krajeve, Radovi JAZU, 4, pp.
5–80.
21. Margetić, L., 1980, Ekloga iz 751. i njezina važnost za našu pravnu povjest,
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, 1, pp. 53–78.
22. Margetić, L., Boras, M., 1980, Rimsko privatno pravo, Zagreb, Pravni fakultet
Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
23. Матовић, Т., 2017, Завештања у архивама светогорских манастира (XIII–
XV век), doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade (Matović,
T., 2017, Zaveštanja u arhivama svetogorskih manastira (XIII–XV vek), doctoral
dissertation, Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade).
24. Матович, Т. М., 2017, К вопросу о ризнице правового значения документа
в византийском частном праве, Вестник Волгоградского государственного
университета, Серия 4, История. Регионоведение. Международные отно-
шения, 22, № 5, pp. 125–131 (Matović, M. T., 2017, K voprosu o riznice pravovogo
značenija dokumenta v vizantiijskom častnom prave, Vestnik Volgogradskogo
gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Seriya 4, Istoriya, Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye
otnosheniya, 22, no. 5, pp. 125–131).
25. Mommsen, T., Krüger, P., 1870, Iustiniani Digesta, Berolini.
26. Nörr, D., 1966, Die Struktur des Kaufes nach den byzantinischen Rechtsbüchern,
Byzantinischen Forschungen, 1, pp. 230–259.
27. Πιτσάκης, Κ. Γ., 1971, К. Ἀρμενοοπούύλου. Πρόχειρον νόμων ἢ Ἑξάβιβλος,
Αθήνα, Δωδώνη (Pitsakēs, K. G., 1971, K. Armenopoulou. Proheiron nomōn ē
Hexabiblos, Athēna, Dōdonē).
28. Pringsheim, F., 1950, The Greek Law of Sale, Weimar, Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger.
29. Redlich, O., 1911, Die Privaturkunden des Mittelalters, München–Berlin, Oldenbourg.
30. Saradi, H., 1992, Le notariat byzantine du IXe au XVe siècles, Athènes, Université
nationale d’Athènes, Facultè des lettres.
31. Saradi, H., 1999, Notai e documenti greci dall’età di Giustiniano al XIX secolo. I Il
sistema notarile bizantino (VI–XV secolo), Milano, Giuffrè.
32. Sargentli, M., 1982, La compravendita nel tardo diritto romano indirizzi normativi
e realta sociale, Studi Arnaldo Biscardi, II, pp. 341–364.
33. Sič, M., 2004, Translativno dejstvo ugovora o kupoprodaji u zapadno rimskom
vulgarnom pravu i zadržavanje ovog koncepta u savremenim pravnim sistemima,
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, 38, 3, pp. 285–311.
34. Соловјев, А., 1927, Уговор о куповини и продаји у средњовековној Србији,
Архив за правне и друштвене науке, 15, pp. 429–448 (Soloviev, A., 1927, Ugovor
o kupovini i prodaji u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji, Arhiv za pravne i društvene
nauke, 15, pp. 429–448).
35. Steinacher, H., 1927, Die antiken Grundlagen der frühmittelalterlichen Privaturkunden,
Leipzig, B. G. Teubner.
36. Studemund, G., Krüger P., 1923, Gaius: Gaii Institutiones, Berlin, Weidmann.
37. Taubenschlag, R., 1955, The Law of Graeco-Roman Egypt in the Light of the Papyri,
Warszawa, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
38. Vuletić, V., 2012, Nastanak i razvoj rimske prodaje: trijumf načela konsensualnosti,
HARMONIUS – Journal of Legal and Social Studies in South East Europe, 1, pp.
109–130.
39. Wal, N. van der, 1999, Les termes techniques greques dans le langue des juristes
Byzantins, Subseciva Groningana, 6, pp. 127–141.
40. Zepos, J., Zepos P., 1962a, Jus Graeco Romanum, Vol. II, Aalen, Scientia.
41. Zepos, J., Zepos, P., 1962b, Jus Graeco Romanum, Vol. V, Aalen, Scientia.
42. Zepos, J., Zepos, P., 1962c, Jus Graecoromanum, Vol. VI, Aalen, Scientia.
43. Zepos, J., Zepos, P., 1962d, Jus Graeco Romanum, Vol. VII, Aalen.
44. Zulueta, F., 1945, Roman Law of Sale, Oxford, The Clarendon Press.
45. Ζεποῦ, Π., 1951, Ἡ παράδοσις δι΄ ἐγγράφου ἐν τῷ βυζαντινῷ καὶ τῷῳ
μεταβυζαντινῷ δικαίῳ, Τόμος Ἀρμενοπούλου, pp. 185–226 (Zepou, P., 1951, Hē
paradosis di’engrafou en tō byzantine kai tō metabyzantinō dikaiō, Tomos Armenopoulou,
pp. 185–226).
46. Živojinović, M. et al., Actes du Chilandar, Vol. II, in preparation.
47. Živojinović, M., Giros, C., Kravari, V., (eds.) 1995, Actes de Chilandar, Vol. I, Paris,
P. Lethielleux.