ODGOVORNOST DRŽAVE ZBOG KORPORATIVNIH KRŠENJA LJUDSKIH PRAVA U SVJETLU PRAKSE SUDA U STRAZBURU
Abstract
U današnje doba povrede ljudskih prava povezane sa aktivnostima privrednih subjekata su vrlo česte. Evropski sud za ljudska prava objašnjava da države imaju negativnu obavezu prema kojoj su dužne da se suzdrže od ugrožavanja ljudskih prava iz Evropske konvencije o ljudskim pravima, ali i da imaju pozitivnu obavezu da zaštite ova prava od kršenja koja čine treća lica, uključujući tu i privredne subjekte. Stoga možemo razlikovati dvije vrste odgovornosti države zbog povreda ljudskih prava u kojima se privredni subjekti pojavljuju kao prekršioci ljudskih prava: direktnu i indirektnu odgovornost. Država se smatra direktno odgovornom za korporativne povrede prava ukoliko prekrši svoju negativnu obavezu. Takav slučaj će postojati ukoliko je privatnom subjektu povjereno vršenje javnih funkcija ili ako takav subjekat ne uživa institucionalnu i operativnu nezavisnost u odnosu na državu. Takođe, država se smatra indirektno odgovornom za povrede ljudskih prava povezane sa aktivnostima privatnih privrednih subjekata ukoliko propusti da reguliše i kontroliše njihova ponašanja te ne uspostavi sistem efikasnih pravnih lijekova za ovu vrstu povreda.
Ključne riječi: Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama, Evropski sud za ljudska prava, negativne obaveze, pozitivne obaveze, odgovornost država, Rukovodeća načela Ujedinjenih nacija o biznisu i ljudskim pravima, korporacije, transnacionalne kompanije, korporativno kršenje ljudskih prava.
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