FILOZOFIJA MEĐUNARODNOG OBIČAJNOG PRAVA: DOVOLJNA JE PRAKSA

  • Miloš Hrnjaz University of Belgrade - Faculty of Political Science
Keywords: International Law, Customary International Law, International Court of Justice, sources of international law, discursive normative practice

Abstract


The main objective of this paper is to critically assess the dominant additive theory of the formation of Customary International Law by using the concept of discursive normative practice and the work of Gerald Postema. My central conclusion is that the use of this concept provides an explanation of the process of formation of Customary International Law that is superior to the additive theory which consists of two elements – practice and opinio juris. On theother hand, Postema’s theory also has its own weaknesses, and this paper explores ways to improve it.  

Author Biography

Miloš Hrnjaz, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Political Science
Assistant Professor of International Law, International Relations Department at University of Belgrade - Faculty of Political Science

References

Besson, S., D’Aspremont, J. (eds.), 2018, The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Besson, S., Theorizing Sources of International Law, in: Besson S., Tasioulas J. (eds.), 2010, The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford University Press.

Brownlie, I., 1998, Principles of International Law (5th edition), Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Byers, M., 2003, Custom, Power and the Power of the Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

D’Aspremont, J., 2011, Formalism and the Sources of International Law – A Theory of the Ascertainment of Legal Rules, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Dixon, M., 2003, Textbook on International Law (7th edition), Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Hart H. L. A., 1961, The Concept of Law, Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Henckaerts,  J., Doswald-Beck, L. (eds.), 2005, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Higgins, R., 1995, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Hrnjaz, M., 2016, Nastanak i utvrđivanje postojanja međunarodne običajne norme: praksa Međunarodnog suda pravde, doktorska teza, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet političkih nauka.

Jovanović, M., 2019, The Nature of International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Kelsen, H., 2003, Principles of International Law, The Lawbook Exchange.

Kirgis, Jr F. L., 1987, Custom on a Sliding Scale, American Society of International Law, Vol. 81, 146–151.

Klabbers, J., 2017, International Law (2nd edition), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Kolb, R., 2018, Legal History as a Source of International Law: From Classical to Modern International Law, in: Besson, S., D’Aspremont, J. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Koskenniemi, М., 2006, From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Lukić, R., 2012, Sistem filozofije prava, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.

Mendelson, М., 1999, The Formation of Customary International Law, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Murphy, J. B., Habit and Convention at the Heart of Custom, in: Perreau-Sassine, A., Murphy, J. B. (eds.), 2007, The Nature of Customary Law: Legal, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Onuma, Y., 2003, International Law in and With International Politics: The Functions of International Law in International Community, European Journal of International Law, 14, Issue 1, pp. 105–139.

Pellet, A., Article 38, in: Zimmermann, A., Oellers, K. F., Tommushat, C., Tams, C. J. (eds.), 2012, A Statute of International Court of Justice, A Commentary, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Petersen,, 2007, Customary Law Without Custom? Rules, Principles and the Role of State Practice in International Norm Creation, American University International Law Review, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 275–310.

Postema, G. J., 2012, Custom, Normative Practice, and the Law, Duke Law Journal, 62, No. 3, pp. 707–738.

Postema, G. J., 2007, Custom in International Law: A Normative Practice Account, in: Perreau-Sassine, A., Murphy, J. B. (eds.), The Nature of Customary Law: Legal, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 279–306.

Roberts, A. E., 2001, Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 95, pp. 757–791.

Ross, A., 2008, A Textbook of International Law: General Part, The Lawbook Exchange.

Scharf, M. P., 2010, Seizing the “Grotian moment”: Accelerated Formation of Customary International Law in Times of Fundamental Change, Cornell Journal of International Law, 43, pp. 439–463.

Sharf, M. P., 2013, Customary International Law in Times of Fundamental Change, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Shaw, M., N., 2017, International Law (8th edition), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Schlütter, B., 2010, Developments in the Customary International Theory and the Practice of International Court of Justice and the International ad hoc Tribunals for Rwanda and Yugoslavia, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Talmon, S., 2015, Determining Customary International Law: The ICJ’s Methodology between Induction, Deduction and Assertion, European Journal of International Law, 26, No. 2, pp. 417–433.

Tasioulas J., 1996, In Defence of Relative Normativity: Communitarian Values and the Nicaragua Case, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 16, pp. 85–128.

Thirlway, H., 1972, International Customary Law and Codification, Leiden, Sijt of Leiden.

Thirlway, H., 2005, The Sources of International Law, in: Evans, M. (ed.), International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Thirlway, H., 2014, The Sources of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

 

 

LEGAL SOURCES

 

International Law Commission, 2018, Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law, A/73/10.

International Law Association, 2000, Committee on Formation of Customary (General) Law (Final report of the Commission), London.

International Law Commission, 2018, Identification of Customary International Law (comments and observations received from governments), A/CN.4/716.

International Law Commisson, 2018, Fifth Report on the Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/717.

 

 

CASE LAW

ICJ, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Belgium), Judgment, ICJ Reports, 2002, p. 3.

ICJ, Asylum, (Colombia/Peru), Judgment of 20 November 1950, ICJ Reports, 1950, p. 266.

ICJ, Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain, Merits 16 February 2001, ICJ Reports, 2001, p. 102.

ICJ, Case concerning Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India), Merits, Judgment of 12 April 1960, ICJ Reports, 1960.

ICJ, Fisheries case, (United Kingdom v. Norway), Judgment of 18 December 1951, ICJ Reports, 1951, p. 116.

ICJ, Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. Iceland), Merits, Judgment, ICJ Reports, 1974, p. 3.

ICJ, Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment, ICJ Reports, 2012, p. 99.

ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996, ICJ Reports, 1996, p. 226.

ICJ, Military and Pаramilitary Activities in аnd Аgаinst Nicaragua (Nicaragua United States of America), Judgment of 27 June 1986, ICJ Reports, 1986, p. 14.

ICJ, North Sea Continental Shelf Case, Judgment of 20 February 1969, ICJ Reports, 1969, p. 3.

INTERNET SOURCES

Statute of the Court | International Court of Justice (icj-cij.org)

Published
2021/12/24
Section
Original Scientific Paper