PARLAMENTARNA ZASTUPLJENOST NACIONALNIH MANJINA U SRBIJI I MAĐARSKOJ: MEHANIZAM ZA DELOTVORNU PARTICIPACIJU MANJINA, ILI SREDSTVO ZA POLITIČKU MANIPULACIJU?
Abstract
U višenacionalnim državama, u kojima živi značajan broj pripadnika nacionalnih, etničkih i jezičkih manjina, sa snažnim, posebnim identitetom, princip demokratije zahteva da ove grupe imaju svoje predstavnike u parlamentima tih država. I pored toga, u mnogim multietničkim državama, nacionalna-etnička većina čini napore da isključi ili minimalizuje predstavljanje nacionalnih etničkih grupa u zakonodavnim telima. Srbija i Mađarska su nacionalne države sa relativno visokim procentom onih građana koji pripadaju nacionalnim etničkim manjinama, te imaju razvijen sistem zaštite manjinskih prava. Obe države su usvojile izborne zakone koji olakšavaju zastupljenost nacionalnih manjina u najvišim predstavničkim telima. Ovaj članak prikazuje, upoređuje i kritički analizira izborna pravila i njihovu primenu u praksi u obe države, s ciljem da odgovori na pitanje da li ova pravila efikasno omogućuju nacionalnim manjinama da steknu odgovarajuću zastupljenost u parlamentu. Da bi se odgovorilo na ovo pitanje, polazi se od rezultata i iskustva parlamentarnih izbora koji su održani 2022. godine u obe države.
References
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